1. 1 Collaboration and Social Networking  Human-to-Human Communication  List servers, chat rooms, online communities  Cell phones, mobile devices Voice, text messages, digital photos, videos  Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) The design and evaluation of new technologies to support group work Groupware – the set of commercially available products

2. 2 Collaboration and Social Networking  Goals of Collaboration  Focused Partnership: co-dependence of two or more people to complete a task Examples: physicians consulting over x-rays, military operations  Lecture or demo formats: one person sharing information with many users at remote sites  Conferences: participants communicate simultaneously (synchronous), or spread out over time (asynchronous) Newer approaches: –Blogs: personal diaries that invites outside commenting –Wikis: grouped editing spaces  Structured work processes: allow people with distinct organizational roles collaborate on a specific task Example: a health agency receives, reviews, and reimburses or rejects medical bills

3. 3 Collaboration and Social Networking  Goals of Collaboration  Meeting and decision support Voting Anonymity  Electronic commerce Collaborating with another person during a shopping experience B-to-B negotiations  Teledemocracy Organizations, professional groups, governments to conduct on-line town-hall meetings  On-line communities People come on line to discuss, share information, socialize  Co-laboratories Sharing of facilities by scientists

4. 4 Collaboration and Social Networking  Decomposition of Collaborative Interfaces (Ellis, Gibbs and Rein, 1991) Same TimeDifferent Times Same PlaceSynchronous local (face-to-face) (control rooms, meeting rooms) Asynchronous local (group calendars) Different Places Synchronous distributed (chat, texting, IM, audio/video conferencing) Asynchronous distributed (e-mail, newsgroups, list servers, blogs, wikis, online and networked communities) Technologies can be used across cells

5. 5 Collaboration and Social Networking  Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time  Electronic Mail – Microsoft Outlook 2003  Web based email systems (Yahoo!, HotMail) provide ubiquitous access)

6. 6 Collaboration and Social Networking  Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time  Wireless Email Access - Blackberry

7. 7 Collaboration and Social Networking  Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time  Newsgroups

8. 8 Collaboration and Social Networking  Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time  List servers  Must subscribe  Can be moderated by a leader or un-moderated

9. 9 Collaboration and Social Networking  Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time  Discussion Boards  Messages can be re-ordered chronologically  Threads  Launch a new topic  Reply to an existing topic  Search archives by subject, date, sender

10. 10 Collaboration and Social Networking  Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time  http://labs.digg.com/swarm/ http://labs.digg.com/swarm/ Real Time Hybrid

11. 11 Collaboration and Social Networking  Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time  Digg is a user driven social content website  Everything on digg is submitted by the digg user community  After you submit content, other digg users read your submission and digg what they like best  If your story receives enough diggs, it is promoted to the front page for the millions of digg visitors to see  Every digg user can digg (help promote), bury (help remove spam), and comment on stories  Digg also allows you to track your friends' activity throughout the site

12. 12 Collaboration and Social Networking  Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time  Blogs Democratic philosophy – anyone should be able to make their opinions known to others Blogs are open electronic documents or diaries that are “owned” by their creators, but readers can contribute comments Blog software is available from Blogger.com

13. 13 Collaboration and Social Networking  Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time  Wikis Used for discussing a variety of topics Popular with project teams

14. 14 Collaboration and Social Networking  Asynchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Different Time  Online and networked communities Patient support communities Education communities of inquiry Distance Learning (e.g., Saki, Blackboard)

15. 15 Collaboration and Social Networking  Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time  Google Docs Users create and edit documents online and collaborate in real-time with others Word processor Spreadsheet Presentation https://services.google.com/apps/site/overview/index.html

16. 16 Collaboration and Social Networking  Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time  Google Apps - gmail Chat capability with on-line view

17. 17 Collaboration and Social Networking  Google Docs and Spreadsheets Editing document concurrently

18. 18 Collaboration and Social Networking  Google Docs and Spreadsheets

19. 19 Collaboration and Social Networking  Google Calendar View other calendars

20. 20 Collaboration and Social Networking  Google Web Page Creator WYSIWYG Tools

21. 21 Collaboration and Social Networking  Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time  Chat, Instant Messaging Short input, quick responses Activeworlds – visual representation using Avatars to support chat Educational Applications and Social Interaction

22. 22 Collaboration and Social Networking  Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time  Instant Messaging Membership can be tightly controlled Typical communities are fewer than twenty people Can send Emoticons, Photographs, Files Teenagers and Office Workers are frequent users  Texting (a.k.a. Short Messaging Systems) Cell phone based Frequently used by Europeans and Asians due to high cost of voice transmission

23. 23 Collaboration and Social Networking  Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time  Audio and Video Conferencing Desktop videoconferencing systems (DTVC) allows users to access computers during the conference Microsoft’s NetMeeting or Live Meeting –Can display PC screen and/or participants –Also supports “white-board” feature –Quality of the voice channel is very important

24. 24 Collaboration and Social Networking  G+ video calling - Google hangout for mobile  Pin video - The video you see in a hangout will automatically switch between participants, based on who's speaking.  Change cameras - Show people what's going on around you by toggling between your front-facing and back-facing cameras.  Mute your video - If you don't want to be visible to other members of the hangout, Mute your microphone  Mute audio - Don’t want people to hear you for a moment? Touch the microphone icon to mute your audio. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og3 GTT9k3FA

25. 25 Collaboration and Social Networking  Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time  Microsoft’s NetMeeting

26. 26 Collaboration and Social Networking  Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time  Georgia Tech eClass  Goal: Capture the interaction that occurs in a typical university lecture  Capture Process: Instructors write on a blank electronic whiteboard or on top of prepared slides. The electronic annotations, audio, and video are automatically recorded and time-stamped. By capturing these events, we can later recreate the lecture experience.  While viewing a slide, students can click on the teacher's annotations to replay the audio and video at the time the ink was written.  http://www-static.cc.gatech.edu/fce/eclass/overview/index.html http://www-static.cc.gatech.edu/fce/eclass/overview/index.html

27. 27 Collaboration and Social Networking  Synchronous Distributed Interfaces: Different Place, Same Time  Twitter is a social networking and micro-blogging service  It allows users to send and read other users' updates (otherwise known as tweets), which are text-based posts.  Updates are displayed on the user's profile page and delivered to other users who have signed up to receive them.

28. 28 Collaboration and Social Networking  Twitter  Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey moderated a Q&A session with President Obama. - July 2011 Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey moderated a Q&A session with President Obama. - July 2011  26 percent of the Tweet questions were about jobs  19 percent were about the budget  16 percent were about taxes  10 percent were about education  6 percent were about housing.  All of the questions were serious in nature Most popular

29. 29 Collaboration and Social Networking  Mango Threads  Within a messaging exchange between you and another party, you can switch the messaging platform on the fly.  You can start off instant messaging,  switch to SMS texting,  then jump over to Facebook messaging all within one message thread

30. 30 Collaboration and Social Networking  Social Networking and Smartphones  Facebook was the most visited website on handheld devices, with 43 million hours spent on it in December 2010  37% of adults and 60% of teenagers described themselves as "addicted" Video

31. 31 Collaboration and Social Networking  Social Networking and Smartphones

32. 32 Collaboration and Social Networking  U.S. cellphone users sent and received more than 1 trillion texts in the second half of 2010, according to CTIA  Just an 8.7% increase from the prior six months. It was the slimmest gain since texting exploded last decade.  Apple's iMessage and other instant-messaging apps pose a threat.

33. 33 Collaboration and Social Networking  Texting Behavior  70 university students in the US  Collected almost 60,000 text messages over a period of 4 months  Used a custom logging tool on our participants’ phones.  Results:  Students communicate with a large number of contacts for extended periods of time  Engage in simultaneous conversations with as many as 9 contacts  Often use text messaging as a method to switch between a variety of communication mediums  Also explore the content of text messages

34. 34 Collaboration and Social Networking  Whom to you text?

35. 35 Collaboration and Social Networking  Thoughts on texting

36. 36 Collaboration and Social Networking  Reasons why people text

37. 37 Collaboration and Social Networking  Whom do you text, how often, which direction (send/receive)

38. 38 Collaboration and Social Networking  Categories of messages

39. 39 Collaboration and Social Networking  Group messaging

40. 40 Collaboration and Social Networking  Face-to-Face Interfaces: Same Place, Same Time  Electronic meeting rooms, control rooms and public spaces Face-to-Face discussion vs. a boring monologue in a darkened room GroupSystems: goal is to “reduce or eliminate the dysfunctions of the group interaction so that a group reaches or exceeds its task potential” –Supports anonymous suggestions –Ranking of proposals –Ideas are based on their merits –Ideas are judged independently from their originators

41. 41 Collaboration and Social Networking  Face-to-Face Interfaces: Same Place, Same Time  Benefits of electronic meeting systems Parallel communication – promotes broader input, reduces the chance that a few people dominate the meeting Anonymity – avoids evaluation apprehension and conformance Group Memory – allows reflection throughout the meeting Process Structure – keeps the group focused on the topic Task Support and Structure – data analysis  SMART Boards Finger and Pen interaction Supports hard copy of the white board contents

42. 42 Collaboration and Social Networking  Face-to-Face Interfaces: Same Place, Same Time  Shared Situational Awareness Large display in control room settings  Public Displays Social interaction on general topics

43. 43 Collaboration and Social Networking  Face-to-Face Interfaces: Same Place, Same Time  Education - Groupware-mediated paradigm Active individual learning Small-group collaborative learning Entire-class collaborative learning The ability to show student work to class The impact of technology on the classroom –Projectors, slide presentations, laptops, mobile devices –More interaction and collaboration?

44. 44 Collaboration and Social Networking  Research Questions  How will home life and work life be changed? Will distant relationships replace local relationships? Will trust and responsibility increase or decrease? Will people become more informed? How will team work be improved? Does privacy become more of an issue? Which jobs will be redefined? Cost versus savings? Productivity?

45. 45 Collaboration and Social Networking  Privacy  Who can you trust? Who can you trust?  MySpace's assets -- including some 50 million-odd personal profiles -- were purchased by Specific Media, an online ad firm.  Advertising is where Facebook and Google make their money  Location  Anonymity