1. Survey of the Animal Phyla Notes

2. Characteristics of ALL Animals
Eukaryotic (cells with a nucleus)
Multicellular (organisms are generally large
Motile (can move at some point of its life)
Heterotrophic (feeds on other organisms)

3. Phyla of Life There are 31 Animal Phyla identified by Scientists
Major Evolutionary developments occur along the roughly 600 Million years of the Animal Kingdom
We will Identify the 10 Largest Phyla of Animals

4. Porifera Lack True Tissues Are Filter Feeders
Have Choanocytes for Water movement
Entirely aquatic
9000 Species
Parametazoa- Animals without Tissues
Examples include All variety of salt water and fresh water Sponges

6. Cnidaria First Eumetazoans- Animals with tissues
All members of this phyla have “Stinging Cells” called nematocysts
Have gel-like bodies
Salt or fresh water
Body form are Polyp (mouth up) or Medusa (mouth down)
All have Tentacles with Nematocysts

7. Cnidaria All have Tentacles with Nematocysts
Have extra-cellular digestion with a gastrovascular cavity “sac body plan”
Have Radial Body Plans
10,000 Species
Examples: Hydra, Jellyfish, Man-o-war, Coral, Sea Anemone, Sea Fans

9. Platyhelmenthes First Animals with Bilateral Symmetry
All are “Flatworms” with ribbon-like bodies
Simplest organisms with specialized organs
Single opening into a digestive gut.
Can absorb nutrients directly into body

10. Platyhelmenthes Simple Nervous system
Many are parasitic living in hosts
Free living flatworms live in water
20,000 species
Examples include….Planaria, Tapeworms, Flukes, and Marine Flatworms.

12. Rotifera (Rotifers) aka Wheel Mouth
First organism with an alimentary canal with both mouth and anus
Microscopic fresh water organism
Has jaws surrounded by cilia to bring in food
2200 Species

14. Nematoda ( Round Worms)
Non-segmented
One way digestive tract
Covered by a Thick cuticle
First organism with a pseudo-coelom
12,000 species
Free living and Parasite species
Examples: Pinworms, Ascaris, Hookworms, heartworms, Trichina spiralis (Pork)

16. Mollusca---animals with Mantles
110,000 species (Second Largest)
Breathe by Gills
Mantle secrets a shell in most species
Have a true visceral mass with many complex internal organs.
Has a muscular “foot” for movement

17. Mollusca Three main classes of Mollusca
1. Gastropods-single spiral shell, scraping mouth piece called a “radula”
Examples are snails, slugs, conches
2. Bivalves-two piece hinged shell, two siphons for filter feeding.
Examples : Clams, Oysters, Scallops, Mussels
3. Cephalopods-no shell but has a well developed head region, 8 arms/tentacles, mouth part includes a Beak. Eyes very similar to Humans
Examples: Squid, Cuttlefish Octopus, Nautilus

18. Gastropods

19. Bivalves

20. Cephalopods

21. Annelida --segmented round worms
12,000 Species
Internally and externally segmented
Well developed nervous system
Have a closed circulatory system
First organisms with a true body cavity

22. Annelids Three Classes:
1. Oligochaeta- terrestrial Earthworms and bloodworms
2. Hirudnia- Parasitic worms like Leeches
3. Polychaeta- marine worms like sandworms, bristleworms, tubeworms and fanworms

23. Annelids

24. Arthopoda---- animals with exoskeletons and jointed legs
Largest Animal phyla with over 1.5 million species
General Characteristics
1. True body cavity
2. Segmented
3. Jointed Appendages
4. Exoskeleton made of Chitin
5. Must “Molt” to grow

25. Arthropoda 7 Classes of Arthropods Trilobite- Extinct aquatic species
Merostomate- Includes only Horseshoe Crabs
Crustacians-mostly aquatic, Crabs, Lobster, Shrimp, Barnacles, Pill bugs
Insects- largest arthropod class, undergo Metamorphosis, 3 pr. of legs, only group that can fly.

26. Insects- largest arthropod class, undergo Metamorphosis, 3 pr
Insects- largest arthropod class, undergo Metamorphosis, 3 pr. of legs, only group that can fly. Includes beetles, ants, butterflies, bees, mosquitoes, weevils and grasshoppers
Arachnids- 4 pair of legs, have fangs instead of jaws, most produce venom, includes spiders, ticks, scorpions, chiggers
Diplopods- four legs per segment, herbivores, includes all Millipedes.
Chilopods- two legs per segment, aggressive carnivores, includes all centipedes

30. Echinodermata- “Spiney Skin”
10,000 Species
Endoskeleton with interlocking plates called ossicles
5 part Radial Body Plan
Fundamentally Bilateral
Has a Water Vascular system that controls water flow, suction and tube feet.
Uses skin gills for respiration
Remarkable regenerative abilities.

31. Echinodermata
Examples include, sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sand dollars

33. Chordata Animals with a Notocord 42,500 species
All chordates have Bilateral Symmetry, notochord, spinal cord and highly developed Head region and brain.
Three Sub Phyla
1. Urochordates-
2. Cephalochordates-
3. Vertebrates-

34. Chordates Vertebrates- Largest Group of Chordates
Notocord becomes the Vertebrae during embryo development
Largest group of Vertebrates are fish
First Vertebrates originated around 500 million years ago.

35. Chordates Seven Classes of Vertebrates
1. Agnatha- Primitive jawless Fish. Long tube bodies breathe by gills, Salt Water…. Lampreys

36. Chordates 2. Chondrichthytes----Cartilage Fish
Has a skeleton made of cartilage, All Salt Water species, gills
Includes Sharks, Skates and Sting Rays

37. 3. Osteichthyes—Boney Fish----fresh or salt water, skeleton made of calcium bone. Gill Breathers…. Ex. Include, Bass, Goldfish, Eels, Marlin, Catfish and Tuna

38. 4. Amphibians---Four Legged creatures that can live out of water but need water for reproduction. Lung Breathers as adults, gill breathers as young, Soft Moist skin…. Includes Frogs, Toads, Salamanders and Newts

39. 5. Reptiles-
Breathe by lungs in all stages.
Body covered by scales.
Eggs produced on land are tough and leathery.
First to have Internal Fertilization.
Includes Lizards, Snakes, Turtles, Alligators and relatives. Most include Dinosaurs based on general characteristics

41. .6 Aves----the Birds All Aves….. Have feathers instead of scales
Are warm blooded
Have a 4 chambered heart
Produce hard shelled eggs
Provide much parental involvement in the young

42. Eagles
Hawks
Partridge
Chicken
Peacock
Sparrow
Owl
Penguin
Ostrich

43. Mammalia--- the Advanced Vertebrates
All have hair on the body
Warm blooded
Have a Four chambered heart
Internal fertilization
Give live birth
Nurse the young with milk
External ears

45. Major Evolutionary Developments in the Animal Kingdom
1- Parametazoans to Eumetazoans
2. Radial symmetry to Bilateral Symmetry
3. Acoelomate to Coelomate
4. Gill Breathing to Lung Breathing
5. Protostome to Deuterostome
6. Invertebrates to Vertebrates