1. EARTHQUAKES EARTHQUAKES WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW!

2. TECTONIC PLATES EARTHQUAKES HAPPEN AT TECTONIC PLATE BOUNDARIES

3. ANALYSIS OF SEISMIC WAVES HAVE RESULTED IN THE INFERENCE ABOUT EARTH’S INTERIOR S WAVES CANNOT PASS THROUGH THE LIQUID OUTER CORE

4. EARTHQUAKE SHADOW ZONES NO WAVES OCCUR BETWEEN 105º -140º S WAVES DISAPPEAR FROM 105º NEVER TO APPEAR AGAIN

6. CONVECTION CURRENTS IN THE ASTHENOSPHERE CAUSE THE PLATES TO MOVE IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS – LOOK AT ARROWS DIVERGING CONVERGING

7. Seafloor spreading

8. NORTH WEST SOUTH EAST SAN ANDREAS FAULT PACIFIC PLATE WEST SIDE MOVES NORTH NORTH AMERICAN PLATE EAST SIDE MOVES SOUTH

9. P WAVES Primary waves (compression waves) vibrate parallel to the direction of movement. (push-pull like a slinky) Travel faster than any other wave (6-8 km./s) Travel through solids, liquids, and gases

10. S WAVE Secondary wave (shear waves) vibrate side to side to the direction the wave is moving Slower than P waves (4-5 kms./s) TRAVEL THROUGH SOLIDS ONLY

11. Finding an Earthquake Epicenter

12. What is an Epicenter? A point on the surface of the Earth directly above the FOCUS of the earthquake. The point within the Earth from which earthquake waves originate.

14. Use the data from the recording stations: Station A: San Francisco, California P-Wave arrival 3:02:20S-Wave arrival 3:06:30 What is the time difference between P and S wave arrivals?

15. Use the data from the recording stations: Station B: Denver, Colorado P-Wave arrival 3:01:40S-Wave arrival 3:05:00 What is the time difference between P and S wave arrivals?

16. Use the data from the recording stations: Station C: Missoula, Montana P-Wave arrival 3:01:00S-Wave arrival 3:03:00 What is the time difference between P and S wave arrivals?

17. Difference in arrival times: San Francisco: 4:10 Denver, Colorado: 3:20 Missoula, Montana: 2:00

18. TAKE A PIECE OF PAPER, AND MARK OFF THE DIFFERENCE IN ARRIVAL TIME 2800Km 4:10

19. MOVE THE PAPER UNTIL THE TWO TICK MARKS LINE UP WITH THE P AND S CURVES WHEN TICK MARKS LINE UP, GO STRAIGHT DOWN AND READ THE EPICENTER DISTANCE EPICENTER DISTANCE OF 2800 KM

20. EPICENTER DISTANCES San Francisco: 4:10 Denver, Colorado: 3:20 Missoula, Montana 2:00 2,800 km 1,100 km 2,000 km

21. Recording Board Difference in arrival times: San Francisco: 41:0 2,800 km 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,0005,000 Line your compass up to the EXACT distance on the scale. Use the metric side (cm) beginning from zero. 0

22. ...

23. Where do most of the earthquakes in the U.S. occur?

24. Tsunami (giant sea wave)

25. REMEMBER!

26. Emergency Preparedness Plan: 1.Duck and cover 2.Evacuation route and safe place to go to 3.Supply of clean water, food, blankets, flashlight, batteries, med.