1. Modern Art and Architecture, 1850-1914
From Realism to Dada

2. Key Questions, 2/19
Analyze the trends in art in the period, , and the extent to which they challenged traditional ideas of aesthetics.
How do the artistic and cultural trends illustrate the “mood” prior to WWI?

3. REALISM Response to Romanticism Dominant style circa 1850-1875
Focus on life as it is really lived—”warts and all”
Connection to problems of industry, urbanization, mass politics
Connection to literature, science, medicine
Gross Clinic by Eakins

4. The Sower by Millet

5. REALISM: THE WORKING CLASS
Jean-Francois Millet ( )
Honore Daumier ( )
Gustave Courbet ( )
Third Class Carriage by Daumier

6. The Stonebreakers by Courbet

7. The Gleaners by Millet

8. PHOTOGRAPHER – CHANGING REPRESENTATIONS
Photography developed in the middle of 19th c.
Changed task of painter from chronicler and representation to imagination, abstraction
Photojournalism to highlight social problems
Jacob Riis—Dutch-American
Riis – Tenement home

9. Jacob Riis

10. Jacob Riis

11. Rebel Sharpshooter by Alexander Gardner

12. Rodin – Man with Broken Nose
SCULPTURE
Auguste Rodin ( )
Most famous for “The Thinker”
Sought to imitate impressionists with effect of light and shade
Rodin – Man with Broken Nose

13. Rodin’s – The Thinker

14. TRANSITION Eduard Manet and James Whistler Move toward abstraction
Ruskin case and role of critics
Challenge to traditional aesthetic motifs
Move away from shadowing
Manet’s The Fifer

15. Nocturne in Gold and Blue: Falling Rocket by Whistler

16. IMPRESSIONISM Influence of photography Interest in light, shadow
Cassatt’s Mother and Child
Influence of photography
Interest in light, shadow
Focus on everyday life—street scenes, still lives, parks, etc.
Interest in how objects change in light over time
Exhibited their works together

17. CLAUDE MONET (1840-1926) Named the movement
Focus on subtle nuances of color and light
Famous for haystacks, water lilies, Notre Dame Cathedral

18. Monet’s Haystack

19. Monet’s Water Lilies

20. Monet’s Water Lilies

21. Monet’s Boaters

22. OTHER IMPRESSIONISTS Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
Edgar Degas ( )
Mary Cassatt ( )—American

23. Renoir’s The Boater’s Party

24. Toulouse-Lautrec’s At the Moulin Rouge
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
More interested in form and structure than Impressionists
Focus on broad fields of color
Beginnings of movement away from clear and distinct representation
Van Gogh, Seurat ( ) Toulouse-Lautrec ( )
Pointillism—related
Toulouse-Lautrec’s At the Moulin Rouge

25. Saturday Afternoon by Seurat

26. VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853-90) Began in realist style
Sold only 1 painting in his lifetime
Famous for swirling, passionate brushstrokes
Used yellow (ran out), influenced by Japanese art
Difficulty with others
Suicide (archetype of “tortured artist”)
Billiards by Van Gogh

27. Sunflowers by Van Gogh

28. Self-Portrait by Van Gogh

29. Starry Night by Van Gogh

30. EXPRESSIONISM More interested in breaking bonds of previous traditions
Abstraction and subjective experiences
1905 Fauvist Exhibit
Henri Matisse ( ), Paul Cezanne ( ), Paul Gauguin ( ), James Ensor ( ), Edvard Munch )
The Scream by Munch

31. Woman with the Green Stripe by Matisse

32. USE OF COLOR

33. SUBJECTIVITY AND ABSTRACTION

34. CUBISM Influence of relativity theory
Looking at objects from multiple perspectives
Sense of time as not absolute
Founders: Pablo Picasso ( ), Georges Braque ( )
Braque

35. Braque Untitled

36. Braque Untitled

37. PICASSO (ONE OF TWO PAINTERS THE 100)

38. Picasso’s Blue Dove

39. Picasso’s Poet

40. Picasso Self-Portrait

41. Picasso’s Loki

42. FUTURISM Interest in science and technology
Critical of traditional artistic motifs—religious scenes, nudes, history, etc.
Issued manifestoes that called for change, by destruction if necessary
Died out after World War I
Umberto Boccioni

43. Dynamism of a Cyclist by Boccioni

44. DADAISM Anti-art movement on eve of WWI
Name refers to meaningless childish babble
Questions traditional bases of art
Marcel Duchamp ( ) founder
Duchamp

46. Sullivan’s Carson Pierre Scott Building
MODERN ARCHITECTURE
“Form follows function”
Focus less on ornamentation, more on building reflecting its use
“A box with windows”
New building materials—steel and reinforced concrete
Louis Sullivan ( ) and Frank Lloyd Wright ( )—Prairie Style
Sullivan’s Carson Pierre Scott Building

47. Sullivan’s Wainwright Building

48. Frank Lloyd Wright – Oak Park, Illinois

49. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Roby House Hyde Park, Chicago