1. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 1 奈米孔洞材料  微小化的反應器 國立成功大學化學工程系 鄧熙聖 ( 教授 ) 、粘耀仁、戴佑理、鄭焙哲、 蔡忠憲、劉信佑、劉啟徵 Nanoporous Materials  Miniaturized Reactors National Cheng Kung University Department of Chemical Engineering

2. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 2 孔洞高分子薄膜 電極陣列 MCM 系列 孔洞氧化矽 觸媒反應之 Carbon/metal redox center 孔洞材料電化學儲能機制 孔洞結構結合 吸附能預測吸附量 Gas-carbon 反應之機制 孔洞碳材製備  > 3000 m 2 /g  孔洞形成機制 化學鍍 成膜 感測器 鎳氫電池 電極 高分子充填 成膜 量化 製備 predict 孔徑分佈吸附量

3. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 3 Application of Porous Carbon in Supercapacitors (Electrochemical Capacitors) in N 2 in H 2 O or CO 2 mixing ZnCl 2 or H 3 PO 4 in N 2 leaching HCl in N 2 mixing alkali leaching HCl a. Gasification Raw Material char Porous Carbon b. Chemical impregnation Raw Material slurry Porous carbon c. Etching Raw Material partially etched Porous carbon carbonizationgasification (activation)

4. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 4 Electrochemical Capacitors Have High Power Density and Energy Capacity R. Kötz, M. Carlen, Electrochimica Acta 45 (2000) 2483–2498

5. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 5 Principle of Energy Storage  Conventional capacitors

6. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 6  The larger area the electrodes can provide, the more energy can be stored.  Carbon can be made with high surface area and porosity. d = 5 – 10 Å Double Layer Capacitor

7. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 7  Conventional Capacitors  Double Layer Capacitors (small d of double Layer) + (porous electrode) Very high capacitance e.g. S.A. = 1000 m 2 /g for porous carbon double-layer capacitance = 10 μF/cm 2 100 F/g for capacitors with carbon electrodes; more than 1000 times higher than conventional capacitors.

8. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 8 Principle of Operation

9. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 9 超高電容目前的應用 a. 消費性電子產品的電力支援系統 (backup source)  電視機記憶保護裝置  汽車音響  鬧鐘、程序控制器  相機及攝影機  全球行動通訊系統 (global system for mobile communication, GSM): 每 5 ms 有 0.5 ms 的 pulse power 。 EC 可增加電池壽命。  不斷電系統  筆記型電腦、 行動電話  電動玩具、電動牙刷、電動刮鬍刀

10. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 10 b. 各種機械、引擎的啟動器, 尤其寒冬下可取代 電池。 c. 交通號幟的電力供應 d. 電動汽 / 機車 以上應用均是利用其瞬間高放電、 快充電、可靠性高及壽命長等特點。

11. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 11 Template Synthesis Method - Principle and Application

12. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 12 Preparation of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon and Applications  Mesoporous silica, like MCM48, SBA15…, etc,has been used to synthesis ordered mesoporous carbon in recent years.  Compare with traditional active carbon, mesoporous carbon not only reserves high specific surface (ca. 1500 cm 2 /g), but also has uniform pore size and regular nanostructure.  It can be used as catalytic supports, electrode materials, … etc.

13. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 13 Synthesis Carbonized in the burner at 900  C under N 2 Template Carbon precursor mixed by ultrasonic oscillator Etch template by 1M NaOH at 50  C Washed with D.I. water till pH value under 8 and dry Analyzed by BET,TEM,EA …,etc

14. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 14 Mechanism carbonization template pore wallpore mixed with carbon precursor etched by NaOH template/precursor composite template/carbon compositemesoporous carbon

15. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 15 TEM image and S BET S BET = 1784 cm 2 /g MCM48 Mesoporous carbon

16. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 16 Applications  Anodic catalyst support for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC).  Electrochemical double layer capacitor.  Separation and purification technology.

17. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 17 Materials  (a) Track etch membranes :  (b) Porous alumina membranes polymer Ion beam Porous membrane track-etched PC membrane Anodic Alumina Oxide membrane Pore diameter = 0.2  m Pore diameter = 5 nm

18. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 18 (a) cross-section of raw membrane (b) Sn 2+ coated template membrane (c) electroless deposition of Ni-P (d) dissolution of the template membrane. Experimental

19. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 19 Characterization of As-deposited Ni-P Films -1 SEM images of Ni-P electrode arrays

20. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 20 Ni(OH) 2 + OH - -> NiOOH + H 2 O + e - NiOOH + H 2 O + e - -> Ni(OH) 2 + OH - Characterization of As-deposited Ni-P Films -2

21. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 21 Preparation of Nanotube-shaped TiO 2 and Applications  Since the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991 by Iijima, much research has been conducted on nanoscale tubular materials with novel properties  TiO 2 is wide application in pigments, catalyst supports, fillers, coating, photoconductors, dielectric materials and so on.  TiO 2 has good characteristics of chemical stability, endurance, thin film transparency and lower production costs.

22. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 22 Hydrothermal Method TiO 2 powders NaOH(aq) Heat in autoclave Wash with HCl (aq) and D.I. water ultrasonic Filtering and Drying Analysis with XRD 、 TEM 、 BET…etc.

23. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 23 TEM Images

24. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 24 Nitrogen Adsorption S BET (m 2 /g)V p (cm 3 /g) 3701.188

25. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 25 Mechanism 1.Raw material treates with NaOH (aq), some of the Ti- O-Ti bonds are broken, and Ti-O-Na and Ti-OH bonds are formed. 2. Treated with HCl (aq) and distilled water, the Ti-O-Na and Ti- OH bonds react with acid and water to form new Ti-O-Ti bonds. 3. More HCl(aq) treatment

26. 2003/11/08 多功能碳材料研究室 26 Applications  Large surface area offer a highly active photo- catalytic material for many applications.  High efficient dye-sensitized solar cell.  Provide a functional catalyst for chemical reaction, and an adsorbents for chemicals.  Environmental purification.  Generation of hydrogen gas.