1. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing and disseminating complex digital objects Jeroen Bekaert, Patrick Hochstenbach and Herbert Van de Sompel Research Library, Prototyping Team Los Alamos National Laboratory

2. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Context Uniform approach for storing and disseminating LANL data collections Interesting characteristics of the repository architecture: o Distributed by design o Use of MPEG-21 DIDL to represent complex objects ~ DIDs o Multi-faceted use of OAI-PMH to access the repository o Use of NISO OpenURL to access the repository o Dynamic binding of behaviors to DIDs o Use of XMLTape for storing collections of DIDs

3. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Using MPEG-21 DIDL to represent complex digital objects Research Library, Prototyping Team Los Alamos National Laboratory

4. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Motivation Potential impact of MPEG-21 o MPEG: ISO/IEC Committee o MPEG-1/MPEG-2/MPEG-4/MPEG-7/MPEG-21 o Expected industry support MPEG-21 Vision: ‘MPEG-21 defines ‘a normative open framework for multimedia delivery and consumption for use by all the players in the delivery and consumption chain’ o Applicability to Digital Libraries o Ability to accomodate any media type and genre MPEG-21 is modular: o MPEG-21 Part 2: DIDL – representation of digital objects o MPEG-21 Part 3: DII – identification of digital objects o MPEG-21 Part 4: IPMP – enforcement of rights expressions o MPEG-21 Part 5: REL – declaration of rights expressions o MPEG-21 Part 7: DIA – transcoding based on contextual information o MPEG-21 Part 10: DIP – association of behaviors

5. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY MPEG-21 DIDL - 1. Data Model Abstract Definitions + W3C XML Schema Entities o a Container didl:Container o an Item didl:Item o a Component didl:Component o a Resource didl:Resource o a Descriptor didl:Descriptor o … Remarks o not a cookbook o further profiling is necessary (applications/communities)

6. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY MPEG-21 DIDL - 1. Data Model

7. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY MPEG-21 DIDL - 2. Descriptors Secondary information pertaining to Entities o MPEG-21 defined uses -identification information – MPEG-21 Part 3 : DII -rights information – MPEG-21 Part 5 : REL / Part 4 : IPMP -processing information – MPEG-21 Part 10 : DIP o community/application specific uses -cf. LANL use

8. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY MPEG-21 DIDL - 2. Descriptors - Identifiers urn:isbn:0-395-36341-1 … MPEG-21 dii:Identifier

9. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY MPEG-21 DIDL - 2. Descriptors - rights … Copyright2003; American Physical Society … MPEG-21 r:license

10. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY MPEG-21 DIDL - 2. Descriptors - behaviors … urn:foobar:Argument … MPEG-21 dip:ObjectType Content … urn:foobar:Argument function PlayTrack() { } … MPEG-21 dip:Argument Processing Item

11. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY MPEG-21 DIDL at LANL 2 questions: o How to map datastreams of complex objects of the LANL repository to the DIDL data model o How to use Descriptors to meet the design goals of the repository and its associated applications LANL DID profile, explained by means of the following example: o A complex object consisting of -LANL technical report –1 file: pdf –id = info:lanl-tr/LA-9870 -metadata record –2 versions: raw MARC record and derived MARCXML file –id = info:lanl-opac/LANLb10012271

12. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY LANL DIDs grow in breadth, not in depth Relationships expressed in RDF

13. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY All LANL data is created equal LANL technical reportMARC record Relationships expressed in RDF

14. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY LANL DID Descriptors - relationships hasMetadata: Item[1] isPartOf: Collection A … isTranslationOf: Object AisMetadataOf: Item[2] LANL technical reportMARC record

15. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY … <rdf:Description rdf:about="info:sid/library.lanl.gov:lanl-opac"> <b:hasType xmlns:b="http://library.lanl.gov/2003-11/STB-RL/Relations#" rdf:resource="http://library.lanl.gov/2003-11/STB-RL/#Collection"/> <b:isDescriptiveMetadataOf xmlns:b=http://library.lanl.gov/2003-11/STB-RL/Relations# rdf:resource="info:lanl-tr/LA-9870"/> … LANL DID Descriptors - relationships

16. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY LANL DID Descriptors - relationships info:lanl-opac/LANLb10012271info:lanl-tr/LA-9870 isDescriptiveMetadataOf hasDescriptiveMetadata info:sid/library.lanl.gov:lanl-opac isPartOf info:sid/library.lanl.gov:lanl-tr isPartOf http://library.lanl.gov/2003-11/STB-RL/#Collection hasType

17. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY LANL DID Descriptors - identifiers DID-identifier: Container-level Content-identifier: Item-level o When a single datastream has an identifier, it must be treated as an Item. (1.) o When multiple datastreams share an identifier, their combination must be treated as an Item. (2.) o All Items must have an identifier. (3.)

18. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY LANL DID Descriptors - identifiers info:lanl-tr/LA-9870info:lanl-opac/LANLb10012271urn:uuid:10ba6842-ec45-3b19-8kub-hy8ff58c58a8b LANL technical reportMARC record

19. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY LANL DID Descriptors - placeholder for behaviors LANL technical reportMARC record content-stream:text:structured-text:mark-up-lang:xml#application/marc+xml

20. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY LANL DID Descriptors - placeholder for behaviors … urn:foobar:Argument function PlayTrack() { } … MPEG-21 dip:Argument Processing Item … urn:foobar:Argument … MPEG-21 dip:ObjectType Content Item Profile/ Behavior Registry … content-stream:… … stored DID disseminated DID dynamic insertion of behaviors

21. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Using the OAI-PMH and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing and disseminating DIDs Research Library, Prototyping Team Los Alamos National Laboratory

22. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY LANL A&I publisher publisher ftp Storing DIDs in OAI-PMH repositories ftp baseURL(1) Expose techReport baseURL(2) A&I baseURL(3) FTXT Ingest techReport A&I FTXT OAI-PMH identifier = DID-identifier OAI-PMH datestamp = datetime of ingestion OAI-PMH response = DIDs

23. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY XMLTape: XML wrapper for DIDs Zipped Zipped file is made accessible through OAI-PMH Index (DID-identifiers and datestamps) based on byte offset and byte count in zipped file XMLTape: a special OAI-PMH repository DID-identifier Datestamp of ingestion XMLTape DID DID-identifier Datestamp of ingestion DID-identifier Datestamp of ingestion … … … … …

24. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Repo Index Repository Index baseURL(1)2003-02-20 baseURL(2)2003-01-15 baseURL(3)2002-11-12 STEP 2: ListRecords (OAI-PMH) List of DIDs Repository Index: keeping track of OAI-PMH repositories baseURL(index) baseURL(1) Expose baseURL(2) A&I STEP 1: ListIdentifiers (OAI-PMH) baseURL(1) techReport

25. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Identifier Resolver monitors DID-id or content-id baseURL & DID-id identifier resolver identifierdatestamprepository DID-id 12003-02-20 baseURL(1) & DID-id 1 Content-id 12003-01-15 baseURL(2) & DID-id x Content-id 22002-11-12 baseURL(x) & DID-id y Repo Index baseURL(index) Expose baseURL(2) A&I techReport Identifier Resolver: locating DIDs and Items DID-id Content-id

26. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY OAI-PMH DID-level access Expose A&I techReport OAI-PMH access to DIDs across repositories DID DID, METS, SCORM, … MPEG-21 DIP Engine Registry of trans- formations Profile/ Behavior Registry DID with PI FTXT OAI-PMH Federator set = baseURL(1) set = baseURL(2) set = baseURL(3)

27. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Expose A&I techReport OpenURL OAI-PMH OpenURL access to Items across repositories OpenURL Requester … ServiceType Referent OpenURL Item-level and DID-level access FTXT Profile/ Behavior Registry DID with PI transformed content MPEG-21 DIP Engine Registry of trans- formations

28. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Summary of repository access methods DID-levelItem-level OAI-PMH – individual repositories DIDL--- OAI-PMH – Federator DIDL, METS, SCORM, IMS, ToC, … --- OpenURL Gateway DIDL, METS, SCORM, IMS, ToC, … Transforms of content OAIS: Dissemination Information Package(s) OAIS: Result Set

29. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Repo Index OAI 1 OAI 4OAI 5 OAI-PMH Federator in a distributed architecture Identifier Resolver OAI 3 OAI 2 OAI-PMH Federator 1OAI-PMH Federator 2OAI-PMH Federator 3 SP 1SP 2SP 3SP 4…SP x DIDLMETS

30. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY OAI 2 OAI 5 Repo Index OAI 1 OAI 4 OpenURL gateway in a distributed architecture Identifier Resolver SP 1 Institutional Disseminator OAI 3 OpenURL Result Set

31. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Overview of the LANL architecture LANL ftp OpenURL Ingest Repo Index A&I publisher ftp publisher OAI-PMH OpenURL OAI PMH Identifier Resolver MPEG-21 DIP Engine Registry of trans- formations DID Profile/ Behavior Registry DID with PI OAI PMH ftp FTXT A&I TechReport OAI PMH OAI-PMH Federator FTXT

32. CNI Fall Task Force Meeting 2003, Portland, OR Using MPEG-21 DIDL, the OAI-PMH, and the OpenURL as building blocks for storing & disseminating complex digital objects Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory RESEARCH LIBRARY Acknowledgements This research is conducted by the Prototyping Team of the LANL Research Library: Luda Balakireva, Jeroen Bekaert, Patrick Hochstenbach, Henry Jerez, Xiaoming Liu, Thorsten Schwander and Herbert Van de Sompel The Prototyping Team of the LANL Research Library wishes to thank o Rick Luce at the LANL Research Library for making this research possible and for his continued encouragement. o Miriam Blake and Beth Goldsmith from the Development Team of the LANL Research Library for valuable feedback regarding the LANL DID. o Multimedia Lab of the Ghent Univeristy for sharing their MPEG-21 knowledge.