1. Chapter 7 Listening, Note Taking & Memory

2. How can you become a better listener? Listening – “A process that involves sensing, interpreting, evaluating and reacting to spoken messages.”

3. Know the stages of listening Sensation – Listener hears message when ears pick up sound waves Interpretation – Listener attaches meaning to message Evaluation – Listener judges message against personal values Reaction – Listener provides feedback to speaker through questions and comments

4. listening challenges Divided attention and distractions – Internal distractions – External distractions Shutting out the message The rush to judgment Partial hearing Learning disabilities

5. Become an active listener Set purposes for listening Ask questions Pay attention to verbal signpost Expect the unexpected

6. Set purpose for listening

7. Ask questions “The most important types of question you will ask are … – CLARIFYING QUESTIONS” Don’t let your questions distract you from learning Cultural differences?

8. Verbal Signposts – Spoken words or phrases that call attention to the information that follows.

9. Verbal signposts - examples Signals pointing to key concepts – “There are two reasons for this…” – “A critical point in the process involves…” – “Most important…” – “The result is…” Key Concepts

10. Verbal signposts - examples Signals pointing to differences – “On the contrary…” – “On the other hand…” – “In contrast…” – “However…” Differences

11. Verbal signposts - examples Signal of support – “For example…” – “Specifically…” – “For instance…” – “Similarly…” Support

12. Verbal signposts - examples Signals that summarize – “Finally…” – “Recapping this idea…” – “In conclusion…” – “As a result…” Summarize

13. Expect the unexpected

14. Note taking – WHY????? Helps you remember It helps you to concentrate It helps you prepare for tests. Clues for what the instructor thinks most important (i.e., what will show up on the next test). Your notes often contain information that cannot be found elsewhere (i.e., in your textbook).

15. How can you make the most of note taking? 3 step process 1.Prepare 2.Record 3.Review / revise

16. Preparing to take class notes Preview your reading material Gather your supplies Location, location, location Choose the best note-taking system – The instructors style – The course material – Your learning style

17. Record information effectively Practical advice – Date & number every page – Record what the instructor Repeats or Emphasizes Questions asked Writes on the board Signals with verbal signposts Indicates as key terms – Leave “white space” – Draw pictures – Quick but clear

18. Record information effectively Questions marks & spaces Use … – symbols – highlighters – different color pens – CAPITAL LETTERS

19. Concentrate Be Consistent Be selectively Use your own words. Be brief.

20. Review & Revise your notes Plan a review schedule – Review within a day of the lecture – Review regularly – Review with an eye toward tests Revise using other sources & critical thinking Summarize Work with Study Group

21. Note Taking systems Outline form – Formal outline – Informal outline

22. Cornell Note taking system – (T-system) – 3 areas Note taking area Cue column Summaries

24. Create a think link AKA: – Mind map or word web Visualization – The interpretation of verbal ideas though the use of visual images

25. Use other visual note-taking strategies Timelines

26. Use other visual note-taking strategies Tables

27. Use other visual note-taking strategies Hierarchy charts

28. How can you write faster when taking notes? Shorthand – A system of rapid handwriting that employs symbols, abbreviations and shortened words to represent words and phrases

29. How can you write faster when taking notes? Standard abbreviations – w/ with – < Less than – # number – eg For example

30. How can you write faster when taking notes? Shorten words by removing vowels – Prps Purpose – Lwyr Lawyer – Cmptr Computer

31. How can you write faster when taking notes? Substitute word beginning for the entire word – Assoc Associate – Info Information – Subj subject

32. How can you write faster when taking notes? Make up your own symbols – b/4 Before – 2thake Toothache – TEXT

33. How can you write faster when taking notes? If you are repeating a work / phrase throughout the lecture – make an abbreviation for it. – Pneumonia (PN) – Florence Nightingale (FN)

34. How does memory work 3 stages of memory – Sensory memory seconds – Short-term memory 10-20 seconds – Long-term memory

35. Four stages of Long term memory Concrete experiences – Hearing or seeing the material, or responses to your new ideas Reflective observation: – Relating material to previous knowledge Abstract hypothesis – Using material to generate new ideas Active testing – Trying out and communication new ideas.

36. What memory strategies can improve recall? Have a purpose and intention

37. What memory strategies can improve recall? Understand what you memorize

38. What memory strategies can improve recall? Recite, rehearse & write – Recite = Repeat key concepts aloud – Rehearsing Repeating key concepts silently (in your mind) – Write Reciting on paper

39. What memory strategies can improve recall? Study during short, frequent sessions – Which is better? A.Studying for 60 minutes straight B.Studying 3 times for 20 minutes each

40. What memory strategies can improve recall? Limit and organize material

41. What memory strategies can improve recall? Practice the middle

42. What memory strategies can improve recall? Create groupings

43. What memory strategies can improve recall? Use flash cards

44. What memory strategies can improve recall? Use a tape recorder

45. What memory strategies can improve recall? Use mnemonic devices Mnemonic devices – Memory techniques that involve associating new information with information you already know.

46. What memory strategies can improve recall? Create visual images and associations

47. Creating visual images & assoc. Draw the Cornell notes system

48. Creating a visual image 3 stages of memory – Sensory – Short-term – Long-term

49. What memory strategies can improve recall? Use the mental walk strategy to remember items in a list

50. Mental Walk Bedroom  Hallway  kids room  bathroom Four stages of Long- term memory

51. What memory strategies can improve recall? Create acronyms

52. Acronyms stages of listening – Sensation – Interpretation – Evaluation – Reaction

53. What memory strategies can improve recall? Use songs or rhymes

54. Strategies for Group Success Choose a leader for each meeting Set Long-term and short term goals ID specific ways to work together Share the work Set a regular meeting schedule Create study material for each other