1. Events Leading to World War II

2. Definitions
Totalitarian – Usually a single individual who controls a country and its government
Dictator- A person or group of people who completely control a country through its government
Nazi- A member of the German Nationalist Social Worker’s Party
Fascism-a form of government that believes the state is more important than the individual, maintains control of the economy and suppresses opposition  controlled by a dictator
IN ALL CASES THE LEADER(S) TAKE CONTROL AND MAINTAIN CONTROL THROUGH FORCE

3. 1. Totalitarian Leaders in Europe
Adolph Hitler - Germany
Benito Mussolini- Italy
Hideki Tojo - Japan

4. Why were they able to gain control?
After WWI people blamed their governments for the hardships they faced.
Many nations were experiencing political and social unrest.
As a result totalitarian regimes that restricted personal freedoms and prohibited political opposition rose to power based on their promises to make things better.
They are usually very charismatic and easily get the people to follow them.

5. 2.Japanese Invade Manchuria 1931
Japan trying to establish a sphere of influence there
US responds by placing economic sanctions on them – we withheld trade of oil, iron, and steel.
The League told them to stop but Japan ignored them and resigned from the League.
The League of Nations does NOTHING!

6. Japanese Invade China 1937
Later extend occupation of Indochina (now Vietnam).

7. 1937 into China and starts WWII in Asia
1931 into Manchuria
1937 into China and starts WWII in Asia
1937, U.S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China…..
1940 invades Indochina
US froze Japanese assets, refused to trade oil, gasoline and steel.

8. Hitler and FDR
Both come into office in 1933 in the midst of the economic and social upheaval of the Great Depression.
FDR tells Americans, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”
Hitler takes the approach that the Jews are the source of all Germany’s economic and political problems.

9. How Does Hitler Justify His Actions?
He says they are in response to the punishment placed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles. – Makes the Germans believe they had been done wrong.
As a result, the rest of Europe appeases him.
They give their inch and he takes mile after mile. The more they give in the more he takes.

10. What was appeasement?
In 1935 Britain signed the naval agreement with Germany.
For the next three years, Britain and France followed a policy of giving Hitler what he wanted-a policy that became known as APPEASEMENT.

11. Munich Agreement
Agreement signed between England, France, and Germany.
Hitler asked for the Sudentenland to be returned to Germany and that would be all he would ask for.
The problem – Hitler had no intention of honoring his word.

12. LANDMARKS OF APPEASEMENT
1933-Germany leave the L of N - start to rearm in secret
1935-Anglo-German Naval Agreement, Abyssinian Crisis, German announces conscription.
1936- Remilitarization of the Rhineland
1938 (March) Anschluss
1938 (Sept) Sudetenland crisis and the Munich agreement
1939- Germany take over the rest of Czechoslovakia
1939 Britain and France abandon appeasement and guarantee to defend Poland

13. Why US Neutrality Acts? Americans want to remain isolationist
Needed to respond in some way to help our allies who were the targets of Fascist aggression in Europe
League of Nations is too weak to do anything.
England and France are appeasing Hitler but the US realizes he’s only getting worse.

14. NEUTRALITY ACTS
1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries.
1936: forbid loans to all belligerents
1937: “Cash and Carry” principle: all nations must pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the goods in their own vessels
Neutral

15. What Attempts Are Made to Put A Stop to Hitler’s Actions?
Munich Pact

16. NEUTRALITY ACTS
1939: prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of belligerent nations
1940: Lend Lease program offered to Great Britain…. U.S. becomes the “arsenal of democracy”
FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for war…..
Neutral

17. Hitler Invades Poland 1939

18. NEUTRALITY ACTS
1939: prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of belligerent nations
1940: Lend Lease program offered to Great Britain…. U.S. becomes the “arsenal of democracy”
FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for war…..
Neutral

19. AMERICAN NEUTRALITY Americans wanted to remain neutral.
America First Committee
Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies
Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany is defeating England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler? Yes: 23% No 77%
Neutral

20. LEND LEASE
RENTING, LEASING, GIVING BRITAIN AND LATER SOVIET UNION AND CHINA, MILITARY WEAPONS TO ARM THEM AGAINST THE GERMANS AND JAPANESE…
FDR’s FINAL ATTEMPT TO REMAIN NEUTRAL!
USA BECOMES THE “ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY”
LEND LEASE

21. U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941, “ US becomes the arsenal of democracy”
Great Britain $31 billion Soviet Union $11 billion France $ 3 billion China $1.5 billion Other European $500 million South America $400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

22. Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor
December 11, 1941
US had placed an embargo on war goods so that Japan could not purchase them
The Japanese felt if they attacked the US hard enough, we would back off and let Japan control

23. DAY OF INFAMY
Infamy7

26.
FDR Day of Infamy Speech