1. Mt. Cameroon, Cameroon McKayla Blanch and Caroline Ferguson Dept. of Geology, Colby College (https://www.flickr.com/photos/88821481@N00/1647496982/in/photolist-3vzRso-cxDfaL-ctH1dq-ctGYPb-ctGZHu-ctGZfw-ctH1Jf-cxEPbd-ctH2eq-ctH3vq-ctH3d1-ctH8j7-ctH2Sw-ctH8Jj-ctH4m7-ctH5Yh-ctHaGs-ctH6Bj-5Y2rUp-ctH7UA-ctH4Do-cxEQoJ-ctH531-ctH95U- ctH9D1-ctH5ub-ctHabA-ctH75Q-ctH3RY-7FEmh6-cx6ZJu-cx71wh-cx717C-9a1M1G-5Y6DGf-8giBNa-8w4cV2-cxENHA-5uqsgT-515uTd-eaLCA4-7JBen8-ctHb6S-cxDbru-ctH7wj-eMQBmE-ctH2z3-6NDn8h-6NDnkA-6NDnfw)

2. Basic Information ● Stratovolcano ● West Coast of Africa ● Native name: Mongo ma Ndemi (“Mountain of Greatness”) ● Elevation: 13,435 ft (4,095 m) o Highest point in sub-Saharan western and central Africa ● Elliptical shape Photo Credit: Evan Schiff, flickr (http://www.panoramio.com/photo/17261257) (http://www.panoramio.com/photo/101650622) (http://www.skimountaineer.com/ROF/ROF.php?name=Cameroon)

3. (http://elliotiproject2014.e-monsite.com/pages/north-west-region-of-cameroon.html) (http://www.calacademy.org/blogs/gulf-of-guinea-expeditions/the-race-sixth-gulf-of- guinea-expedition-redux) The Cameroon Volcanic Line - Chain of volcanoes - Rifting fissures in Earth’s crust - Pathway of hot spots

4. (http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/335/1/827/F11.expansion) (http://www.carnets-voyage.com/afrique-cameroun-circuit- 20-jours-limbe.htm) (http://qualityexpeditions.com/getpage.php?pg=trip&tid=116) Central African Shear Zone - Wrench fault system - NNE-direction - Fissure forming continental portion of Cameroon Line - Mt. Cameroon

5. Structure ● Cinder cones and lava flow deposits ● Hundreds of cinder cones (large and small) form peaks and true summit (http://bit.ly/1idwvld) http://www.dtop10list.com/2014/09/top-10-wettest-places-on-Earth.html http://photo.net/photodb/photo?photo_id=2225435 http://www.panoramio.com/photo/101650597 Two major peaks… o Fako: Larger (highest point); another name for Mt. Cameroon itself o Etinde: Smaller (“Little/Small Mt. Cameroon”) cone-shaped structure Two major maars… ○Debundscha Point: Larger maar, hidden beach coves on slopes ○Bomana: Small waterfall (“Bomana Falls”), water falling from 100 meters

6. https://cameroontourismlink.wordpress.com/mount-cameroon-2/ http://globaltrees.org/projects/building-capacity-threatened-tree- conservation-mount-cameroon/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Cameroon https://trailsurfers.wordpress.com/2011/12/15/climbing- mount-cameroon/ http://www.panoramio.com/photo/17579067

7. Eruptions and Volcanic Hazards ● Active volcano with 20 confirmed eruptions ● Most recent eruption February 3, 2012 ● Devastating eruption in May of 2000, killing 23 people ● 1982 eruption, two towns evacuated and damage to plantations ● Usually strombolian eruptions (http://www.volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=224010) Lava flow during 1999 eruption (http://www.geology.bas.bg/mineralogy/gmp_files/gmp47/tsafack.pdf) 0450BCE185219091982 1650186519221989 1807186619251999 1825186819542000 1838187119592012 Mt. Cameroon produces and is produced by three main types of volcanic activity: ● Effusive eruptions ● Explosive activity ● Hydromagmatic activity

8. Volcanic Hazards cont’d ● Debundscha Point, some of heaviest rainfall in the world ● Population of ~500,000 live around the volcano ● Lake Nyos, a volcanic lake, releases CO2 into atmosphere, killing livestock and 1,700 people http://www.volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=22403 0

9. Rocks and deposits ● Volcanic Rocks o Sodic alkaline series  Basanites  Alkaline basalts  Hawaiites  Mugearites ● Minerals o Olivine o Plagioclase o Alkali feldspar Alkaline Basalt http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hawaiite http://www.virtualmicroscope.org/content/mugearite Mugearite Hawaiite http://www.gopixpic.com/300/alkali-olivine-basalt-central-island- laketurkana-northern-kenya- /http:%7C%7Cwww*petrologyslides*com%7CAlkaliOlivineBasalt Kena*jpg/ http://www.lave- volcans.com/glossaire.php?mot=basanite Basanite

10. Other Interesting Info ● Rich volcanic soils support bananas, rubber, oil palms and tea http://www.peuplesawa.com/newspics/892.gif Mount Cameroon Francolin Limbe Beach http://cameroonconrods.blogspot.com/2010/05/limbe-beach-part-1.html ● Home to three unique bird species! ● Tourism: o ~1,000 people trek the Mountain/yr o Black-sand beach in Limbe o Mountain Marathon ● Geothermal Energy o Potential research for Cameroon

11. Geophysical/active monitoring Monitoring volcanic activity with seismometers to help predict if and when an eruption is probable

12. Bibliography "Cameroon." Global Volcanism Program | Cameroon. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015..http://www.volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=224010#bgvn_200006 "Mount Cameroon Race of Hope Marathon - The Official Globe Trekker Website." The Official Globe Trekker Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.. "Mt. Cameroon National Park." Mount Cameroon Trekking. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.. Seach, John. "Mt Cameroon Volcano." Volcano Live. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.. Suh, C. E., R. S. J. Sparks, J. G. Fitton, S. N. Ayonghe, C. Annen, R. Nana, and A. Luckman. "The 1999 and 2000 Eruptions of Mount Cameroon: Eruption Behaviour and Petrochemistry of Lava." Bulletin of Volcanology 47 (2009): 65-78. Web. Tsafack, Jean-Paul F., Pierre Wandji, Jacques-Marie Bardintzef, Hervé Bellon, and Hervé Guillou. "The Mount Cameroon Stratovolcano (Cameroon Volcanic Line, Central Africa): Petrology, Geochemistry, Isotope and Age Data." GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY 47 (2009): 65-78. Web. "Volcano World." What Is Known about the Volcanoes of Cameroon? N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015..