1. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1

2. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2 Key Ideas Many failed systems were abandoned because analysts tried to build wonderful systems without understanding the organization. The primarily goal is to create value for the organization.

3. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Key Ideas The systems analyst is a key person analyzing the business, identifying opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems to implement these ideas. It is important to understand and develop through practice the skills needed to successfully design and implement new information systems.

4. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4 THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

5. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Major Attributes of the Lifecycle The project Moves systematically through phases where each phase has a standard set of outputs Produces project deliverables Uses deliverables in implementation Results in actual information system Uses gradual refinement

6. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Project Phases Planning Why build the system? Analysis Who, what, when, where will the system be? Design How will the system work? Implementation System delivery

7. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 A “Simple” Process for Making Lunch

8. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Identifying business value Analyze feasibility Develop work plan Staff the project Control and direct project Planning

9. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Analysis Information gathering Process modeling Data modeling Analysis

10. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Physical design Architectural design Interface design Database and file design Program design Design

11. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Construction Installation Implementation

12. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12 Processes and Deliverables ProcessProduct Planning Analysis Design Implementation Project Plan System Proposal System Specification New System and Maintenance Plan

13. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13 THE EVOLUTION OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

14. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14 What Is a Methodology? A formalized approach or series of steps Writing code without a well- thought-out system request may work for small programs, but rarely works for large ones.

15. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 Structured Design Projects move methodically from one to the next step Generally, a step is finished before the next one begins

16. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Waterfall Development Method

17. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17 Pros and Cons of the Waterfall Method ProsCons Identifies systems requirements long before programming begins Design must be specified on paper before programming begins Long time between system proposal and delivery of new system

18. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Alternatives to the SDLC Rapid Application Development (RAD) Phased Development Prototyping Throw-Away Prototyping

19. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19 Rapid Application Development Critical elements CASE tools JAD sessions Fourth generation/visualization programming languages Code generators

20. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20 Rapid Application Development Categories Phased development A series of versions Prototyping System prototyping Throw-away prototyping Design prototyping

21. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21 How Prototyping Works

22. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22 Throwaway Prototyping

23. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design Attempts to balance emphasis on data and process Uses Unified Modeling Language (UML) for diagramming Use-case Driven Architecture Centric Iterative and Incremental

24. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS

25. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 25 Key Elements Classes -- template to define objects Instances -- specific examples of class members Objects -- building block of the system Attributes -- describe data aspects of the object Methods -- the processes the object can perform Messages -- instructions sent to or received from other objects

26. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 26 A Class and Its Objects PATIENT -Name -Birthdate -Phone Number +Insert ()() +Delete ()() PATIENT 1: TOP PACKAGE: PATIENT -Name = Teresa Marks -Birthdate = March 16, 1975 -Phone number = 314-997-3456 PATIENT 2: TOP PACKAGE: PATIENT -Name = Mel Bourne -Birthdate = May 11, 1965 -Phone number = 314-997-3219 Attributes Methods Class Instantiated Objects of the Class

27. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 27 The Key to Reusability Information hiding is the principle that only information required to use the object is available outside the object Encapsulation is the mechanism that combines data and processes in a single object

28. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 28 Class Hierarchy

29. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 29 Inheritance

30. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 30 Polymorphism

31. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 31 OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING UML

32. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 32 UML The full UML provides 9 separate diagramming techniques

33. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 33 PROJECT TEAM ROLES AND SKILLS

34. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 34 Information Systems Roles Business analyst System analyst Infrastructure analyst Change management analyst Project manager

35. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 35 Summary -- Part 1 The Systems Development Lifecycle consists of four stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and Implementation There are three major development methodologies: the waterfall method, RAD, and the Object-Oriented approach.

36. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 36 Summary -- Part 2 There are six major elements in Object- Oriented design: classes, objects, instances, attributes, methods, and messages. Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism are also important object- oriented concepts There are five major team roles: business analyst, systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change management analyst and project manager.

37. PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom & Tegardem Systems Analysis and Design Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 37 Expanding the Domain For complete description of UML see: www.rational.com/uml