1. A Basic Celtic Timeline Patrick D.circa 461 Finnian D circa 549D.circa 432 Brigid D.circa 500 Pelagius D.circa 350 Brendan D circa 577 David Columba D.circa 680D.circa 687 CaedmonCuthbertBede b. 673 Hilda D. 680 Fursey D.circa 589D. 597D.circa 601D. 615D.634D. 651 Ninian AidanColumbanusAugustine

2. A Celtic Chronology 500 BC Celts emerged as a distinct race from Central Europe c. 400 Celts plunder Rome 55/54 Julius Caesar reconnaissance of Britain BCE (BC) CE (AD) c40 ?Joseph of Aramathea in Glastonbury 40/50 Paul converts the Galatians 43Romans invade Britain 60Boudicca is military commander of Icenes - leads rebellion 71Romans start moving into Scotland 117Rebellions in the North - Hadrian’s Wall 178Irenaeus leader of Christian community in Lyon c180Roman villa near Gloucester with Christian monograms 200Tertullian writes of places in Britain that have yielded to Christ 313Conversion of Emperor Constantine; Edict of Milan 314Council of Arles - Bishop of London, York and ?Colchester present 315-373Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers; first Celtic influential churchman 325Athanasius reports that British church accepts decision of Nicaea c354Birth of Pelagius c371Martin elect Bishop of Tours, founds monastic community 388Emperor Maximus killed; Welsh wife Elen returns to Wales 394Pelagius in Rome 397Death of Martin c400 Christian Community founded at Whithorn 410Sack of Rome by Vandals. Roman army leaves Britain 416Council of Carthage - Pelagius condemned c418Birth of Patrick (perhaps in Dumbarton C425Birth of Illtyd 429Sack of Carthage by vandals Death of Augustine of Hippo 431Palladius sent as Bishop to the Christians in Ireland 435Patrick in Ireland 444The Church in Rome accepts the Alexandrian computation of the date of Easter c450Ninian at Whithorn / Candida Casa 455Birth of Brigid in Ireland c480Birth of Benedict in Ireland c486Birth of Samson in Britain c486Birth of Brendan in Ireland c490Britain attacked by Angles, Saxons, Jutes

3. A Celtic Chronology 493Death of Patrick 498Kings of Dalriada migrate to Kintyre Late 5th C Illtyd founds large monastic school at Llantwit Major 505Death of Illtyd c516Battle of Badon Hill Arthur defeats the AngloSaxons? 521Samson becomes Bishop Birth of Comulba (Columcille) in Ireland 524 Death of Brigid, Abbess of Kildare 530 - 560 Travels of Brendan the Voyager 533 Kentigern baptised folk at Calbeck well c537?Death of Arthur at Battle of Canlann 540Gildas writes The Ruin of Britain c540David becomes Bishop of Caerleon 543Death of Petroc of Cornwall 543Birth of Columbanus in Ireland 546Columba’s first monastic settlement in Derry 547Ida founds Anglian kingdom of Bernicia with capital at Bamburgh 557Foundation of Monastery of Bangor by Comgall 560Death of Samson c561Foundation of Monastery of Clonfert by Brendan C562Foundation of Monastery of Lismore by Moluag 565Columba founds monastery on Iona c 573 Battle of Ardderyd (referred to in Welsh ballads) the Christian King of the Cumbri, Rhyderch of Strathclyde defeated Gwedolen, the pagan Scots king, and brought Kentigern back from Wales to head the church. (80,000 slain) 577Death of Brendan 560 - 580 North Atlantic Travels of Cormac c589Death of David 591Columbanus begins continental mission 597Death of Columba, June 9th Augustine arrives in Kent, sent by Pope Gregory the Great in mission to Angles 601Further Roman mission, including Paulinus 603Conference of British Bishops and Abbots with Augustine of Canterbury by 609Death of Augustine 613Columbanus founds monastery at Bobbio 614Birth of Hilda 615Death of Columanus 616Edwin of Deira defeats Ethelfrith of Bernicia. Ethelfrith’s sons (including Oswald) flee to Argyll, educated on Iona. 617Edwin established as king north of the Humber(Northumbria) Chase (Doncaster). Ethelburgh and Paulinus flee to Kent Osric becomes king of Deira; Eanfrith returns from Iona and becomes king of Bernicia. Both apostasize. In further fighting both are killed by Cadwallon. Death of Fursey 618St Donan killed on Eigg by ?Vikings 624Birth of Adomnan, Abbot of Iona, Columba’s biographer 625Marriage of Edwin of Northumbria and Ethelburgh of Kent; Ethelburh brings Bishop Paulinus with her to Bamburgh

4. 626Eanfled, daughter of Edwin and Ethelburh, baptised, with twelve others. 627 Edwin converts and is baptised at York. Mass baptisms, including Hilda (now aged 13) Paulinus baptising at Yeavering 628Birth of Benedict Biscop 630Fursey of Ireland founds monastery in East Anglia 633Cadwallon of Gwynned and Penda of Mercia attack and kill EEdwin at Battle of Hatfield 634Oswald plants cross in the soil and defeats Cadwallon at Battle of Heavenfield. Becomes king of the united kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia. Birth of Wilfrid Birth of Cuthbert 635Mission of Corman to Bernicia - Mission fails - Aidan consecrated Bishop on Iona and sent to Northumbria, bases his mission on Lindisfarne. Goes on to found monastery at Melrose and other northern sites; encourages Hilda to the religious life. 636South of Ireland accepts Roman Order 642Oswald killed by Penda at Oswestry Oswy (Oswald’s younger brother) becomes king of Bernicia. Oswin becomes King of Deira and close friend of Aidan 651Oswin killed at instruction of Oswiu Aidan dies at Bamburgh (August 31st), buried at Lindisfarne. Finan becomes Bishop of Lindisfarne Cuthbert enters monastery at Melrose under Boisil as Prior A Celtic Chronology 652Wilfred and Benedict Biscop visit Rome 653Cedd evangelizes the East Saxons and becomes their bishop. Builds stone church at Bradwell (Essex) 654Cuthbert becomes guest-master at newly founded monastery at Ripon 655Repentant Oswy unites Deira and Bernicia Penda killed. Mercia open to the Gospel 657Wilfrid and king’s son Alcfrith move Cuthbert and his abbot Eata from Ripon - they return to Melrose. Wilfrid becomes Abbot of Ripon and introduces Benedictine rule. 659Cedd builds monastery at Lastingham and becomes first Abbot 661Colman bishop at Lindisfarne 662Boisil dies of plague; Cuthbert becomes Prior of Melrose; engages in missionary journies. 664Synod of Whitby chaired by King Oswy Colman resigns as Bishop of Lindisfarne and returns to Iona Cedd and his brother ynebil die of plague Chad becomes Bishop of York, based at Lastingham Cuthbert becomes Prior of Lindisfarne 666Wilfrid consecrated Bishop in Gaul 668Theodore of Tarsus becomes Archbishop of Canterbury c664-669 Cummene’s Life of Columba 669Theodore ‘reconsecrates’ Chad and moves him to Lichfield Wilfrid becomes Bishop of York 670Death of Oswy, succeeded by second son Ecgfrith 672Chad dies of plague, March 2nd 673Birth of Bede, monk historian of Jarrow

5. 674Benedict Biscop founds monastery at Wearmouth 676Cuthbert becomes hermit on the island of Inner Farne 679Adomnan becomes Abbot of Iona 680Death of Hilda, November 17th Death of Caedmon, poet of Whitby 681Benedict Biscop founds monastery at Jarrow 684Cuthbert appointed Bishop ofLindisfarne, after persuasion by King Ecgfrith and is consecrated (March 26th 685) at York by Archbishop Theodore 685Death of Ecgfrith in battle of Nechtansmere Aldfrith, scholar and artist, becomes King of Northumbria 686Cuthbert returns to Inner Farne 687Death of Cuthbert, March 20th 688Eadbearht becomes Bishop of Lindisfarne c.692Adomnan‘s Life of Columba written 697Adomnan’s Law of Innocents, safeguarding women and children from violence, confirmed at synod of Birr, Ireland. 698Translation of Cuthbert’s body, found uncorrupted. Death of Bishop Eadbearht Eadfrith becomes Bishop of Lindisfarne 700Life of Cuthbert written by an anonymous monk of Lindisfarne 700 Writing of the Lindisfarne Gospels by Eadfrith 704 Death of Adomnan on Iona 705John becomes Bishop of York 709Death of Bishop Wilfrid 716Iona accepts the Roman Order, under influence of Bishop Ecgbert 717Monks from Iona expelled from Pictland A Celtic Chronology 721Ethelwald (who bound the Lindisfarne Gospels) appointed Bishop of Lindisfarne 729 Death of Bishop Ecgbert on Iona 731/2The Ecclesiastical History of the English People completed by Bede 735Death of Bede 755Roman order accepted in Wales 793First Viking raid on Lindisfarne - ‘Viking Age’ dated from this raid. 794Viking raids across the Scottish islands 795Iona sacked 802Iona monastery burned to ground 806Viking raid on Iona -68 monks killed at Martyrs’ Bay 807Ionan Community moved to Kells 825Blathmac martyred by Vikings on Iona 847-858 Kenneth macAlpin, King of the Scots 875Suggested date for the abandonment of Lindisfarne by Bishop Eardulf and the community. Cuthbert’s coffin and the Lindisfarne Gospels taken on 7 year journey, ending in Chester le Street Hebridean Norse migrate to Iceland 989Viking raids in Wales; St David’s, Llanilltyd and Llancararn all burnt 995 Viking presssure uproots Cuthbert’s People, who take his remains to Ripon, and then to Durham 998 Church built in Durham to house Cuthbert’s relics

6. 1066Last Viking raid in England - William of Normandy (2nd generation Viking) takes the English crown 1069Ethelwine, last of the Saxon Bishops, takes Cuthbert’s relics back to Lindisfarne, to escape King William. Returned them to Durham in 1070 1093Durham Cathedral and Lindisfarne Priory founded Cuthbert’s relics investigated and found uncorrupted in 1104 and 1537. Last opening of coffin in 1827; body decayed. 1537Lindisfarne Priory dissolved by Henry VIII A Celtic Chronology