1. Workplace concern Studies suggest that 70% of people with alcohol related problems and more than 60% of drug users are in employment Absenteeism is 2-3 times higher for alcohol and drug users than for other employees 20-25% of accidents at work involve intoxicated workers injuring themselves and their colleagues On the job fatalities linked to drug and alcohol account for 15- 30% of all accidents Employees with drug and alcohol dependence may claim three times as many sickness benefits and file five times as many workers compensation claims

2. Workplace factors in alcohol and other drug related harm AccidentsAbsenteeismInjury Lost production Repair Costs Increased workers compensation Possible bad publicity and even prosecution Possible bad publicity and even prosecution Productivity Absenteeism and increased sick leave Poor decision making Increasing health problems Lack of discipline and arguments in the work team Reduced profit margins Loss of business Extra overtime payments to cover absent employees

3. Labor Turnover,Disputes, Reduced morale Loss of skills and experience Costs of dismissal or premature retirement Replacement of employees Training of new employees Loss of skills and experience Need to recruit and train new employees Costs to the individual Possible injury to self and others Demotion at work Problems with family, friends and coworkers Loss of self esteem Loss of wages Cost of medical expenses Dismissal Costs to other employees Unsafe work environment with risk of accidents Covering up for poor work performance

4. The easiest way to describe a prevention program is the traffic light model:  The green zone contains the majority of workers, those who are risk free.  The amber zone workers are those at risk either from drugs or alcohol or from health and social problems. The red zone consists of individuals with manifest addiction problems

5.  Red Zone Strategies Treatment and After care  Vocational rehabilitation  Reintegration into workplace  Aftercare and relapse prevention  Use of self help groups  Incentives and rewards for positive behavior  Flexibility- changed shift timing, transfer to place of residence, harnessing support from family, networking with other organizations providing support

6. Amber zone strategies  Facilitating self change  Early identification  Training staff in communication and assistance skills  Motivating and encouraging supervisors to understand their roles  Assessing and improving their awareness of early signs of non-performance Working with the families and medical personnel to identify early social and medical problems

7. Green Zone Strategies Policy Monitoring Education and Awareness Training

8. Post intervention - accidents

9. Post intervention - indiscipline

10. Post-intervention-assaults

11. Post intervention-working days

12. Traffic Revenue in million rupees

13. Items Loss due to alcoholism (1995-96) Cost of Program Projected Gains Man days –Absenteeism On account of treatment 198.40 53.10 49.60 Conductor pilferage 62.40 31.20 Cancellations 101.00 50.50 Accidents 65.70 Accident related compensation 17.00 Handling cases of indiscipline 106.20 53.10 Worker compensation claims4.90 2.45 Medical reimbursement2.70 1.35 Establishment charges 2.50 Training workshops/awareness programs 0.40 Financial assistance to employees 43.70 Total(in million rupees558.3099.70270.90 Projected Cost Benefit of the Program