1. Diversity In The Fossil Record By: Ashley Moore-Rivera

2. How are fossils formed??  Amber  Permineralization  Freezing  Drying  Asphalt  Carbonization

3. Examples of fossils!  Asphalt  Amber  Carbonization  Permineralization

4. Many people think of fossils as only dinosaur bones but there are many more!!!  Bones  Teeth  Hard shells  Impressions of plants or animals  Footprints  Hair  Can you think of any other types of fossils?

5. Variety of fossils!  Tyrannasaurus teeth  Burrow  Alethopteris fern impression  Human footprint from 20,000 years ago

6. Coprolite is a poop fossil!  Check out the size of that coprolite…WOW!!

7. Evidence in the fossil record  Transitional fossils –A transitional fossil is any fossil which gives us information about a transition from one species to another  Vestigial structures –A structure that is no longer used or have greatly decreased in importance.

8. Transitional fossil in the fossil record snake (Haasiophis terrasanctus) -- a snake with legs.

9. Snakes with Legs…Why??  Vestigial legs are a clue that snakes descended from lizards. Over 100 million years ago, some lizards happened to be born with smaller legs, which, in certain environments, helped them move about unencumbered.

10. Transitional fossil in the fossil record  Whale: Ambulocetus natans means swimming whale who walks.

11. Whales don’t walk they swim?  The vestigial pelvis and femur bone found in modern day whales is evidence that the whale’s ancestors were land mammals.

12. How does the diversity in the fossil record help scientist? The geological time scale

13. Geological Time Scale  To tell the age of most layered rocks, scientists study the fossils the rocks were found in. Fossils give evidence that helps determine what happened in history and when it happened.

14. Feathered dinosaurs  ~167 million years ago  ~120-110 million years ago

15. Evidence from the fossil record: Extinct Organisms  Giant Sloths  Extinct ~1550 AD  Trilobites  Extinct ~250 million years ago

16. Oldest microfossil found ~3.6 billion years old  William Schopf (UCLA)  Microfossil of cyanobacteria- like organism  Found from the Apex Chert in the Warrwoona group which are mountains in western Australia

17. First Mulitcellular Fossil: Eukaryotes  First known fossils ~1.5 Bya  Diversified rapidly  First multicellular fossils ~ 640 Mya  Most of these were soft-bodied

18. Ediacaran fossils 610-542 million years ago  First morphologically complex (shape, structure, color, pattern ect…) multicellular organisms

19. Life during the Cambrian epoch (from the Burgess Shale ~540 mya)

20. Anomalocaris sketch & Anomalocaris fossil

21. Wiwaxia sketch & Wiwaxia fossil

22. Hallucigenia sketch & Hallucigenia fossil

23. Any Questions?

24. Work/Picture Cited Page  T-rex teeth:  http://dsc.discovery.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-pictures/t-rex-pictures/images/tyrannasaurus-teeth-fossil.jpg http://dsc.discovery.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-pictures/t-rex-pictures/images/tyrannasaurus-teeth-fossil.jpg  Fern impression:  http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/images/neuropteris.gif&imgrefurl=http: //www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/tour/seed-ferns- cordaites.php&usg=__vTAjwY6ykshkLZ9XsGc0I2sPidU=&h=109&w=147&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=vBewXkFzORB1 KM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bimpression%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/images/neuropteris.gif&imgrefurl=http: //www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/tour/seed-ferns- cordaites.php&usg=__vTAjwY6ykshkLZ9XsGc0I2sPidU=&h=109&w=147&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=vBewXkFzORB1 KM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bimpression%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/images/neuropteris.gif&imgrefurl=http: //www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/tour/seed-ferns- cordaites.php&usg=__vTAjwY6ykshkLZ9XsGc0I2sPidU=&h=109&w=147&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=vBewXkFzORB1 KM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bimpression%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den  Human footprint:  http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/weblog%2520zinken%2520australia%25 20footprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/2005/12/human_ice_age_p.html&usg=__rjQoPpr2tqWki bcWeTbHwI4ohjs=&h=300&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5SGh9lJt7Vn64M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/ima ges%3Fq%3Dfootprint%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/weblog%2520zinken%2520australia%25 20footprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/2005/12/human_ice_age_p.html&usg=__rjQoPpr2tqWki bcWeTbHwI4ohjs=&h=300&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5SGh9lJt7Vn64M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/ima ges%3Fq%3Dfootprint%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/weblog%2520zinken%2520australia%25 20footprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/2005/12/human_ice_age_p.html&usg=__rjQoPpr2tqWki bcWeTbHwI4ohjs=&h=300&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5SGh9lJt7Vn64M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/ima ges%3Fq%3Dfootprint%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN  Coprolite fossil:  http://paleo.cc/fossils/coprolites/coprolite-med1.jpg http://paleo.cc/fossils/coprolites/coprolite-med1.jpg  Info for how fossils are formed:  http://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/how_are_fossils_formed.html http://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/how_are_fossils_formed.html  Picture for how fossils are formed slide:  http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/847/20120207.JPG http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/847/20120207.JPG  Picture for burrow and examples of fossils slide:  http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.t- rat.com/images/Fossils%2520Preservation/burrow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.t- rat.com/Pages/FossilPreservation.html&usg=__I0UVb5oDMvpTOlrEXoVql0QOsBs=&h=274&w=236&sz=16&hl=en&start =44&tbnid=FJwH2cnOOhrhkM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburrow%2Bfossils%26start%3D42%26g bv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.t- rat.com/images/Fossils%2520Preservation/burrow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.t- rat.com/Pages/FossilPreservation.html&usg=__I0UVb5oDMvpTOlrEXoVql0QOsBs=&h=274&w=236&sz=16&hl=en&start =44&tbnid=FJwH2cnOOhrhkM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburrow%2Bfossils%26start%3D42%26g bv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.t- rat.com/images/Fossils%2520Preservation/burrow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.t- rat.com/Pages/FossilPreservation.html&usg=__I0UVb5oDMvpTOlrEXoVql0QOsBs=&h=274&w=236&sz=16&hl=en&start =44&tbnid=FJwH2cnOOhrhkM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburrow%2Bfossils%26start%3D42%26g bv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN  Picture for petrified wood:  http://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/Images/Permineralization560.jpeg http://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/Images/Permineralization560.jpeg  Picture for asphalt:  http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/fossil/mammal/6mammoth-tar-pits1957.jpg http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/fossil/mammal/6mammoth-tar-pits1957.jpg  Picture of snake with legs:  http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/images/exhibit/gallery/md/snake-limb-bud.jpg http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/images/exhibit/gallery/md/snake-limb-bud.jpg  Picture of Whale fossil  http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdMpbAB0DRI/SCrKcjgBX_I/AAAAAAAAE7E/6sUX73LodiU/s400/IMG_0714.jpghttp://temple ton-cambridge.org/fellows/vedantam/publications/2006.02.05/eden_and_evolution/img/6.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdMpbAB0DRI/SCrKcjgBX_I/AAAAAAAAE7E/6sUX73LodiU/s400/IMG_0714.jpghttp://temple ton-cambridge.org/fellows/vedantam/publications/2006.02.05/eden_and_evolution/img/6.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdMpbAB0DRI/SCrKcjgBX_I/AAAAAAAAE7E/6sUX73LodiU/s400/IMG_0714.jpghttp://temple ton-cambridge.org/fellows/vedantam/publications/2006.02.05/eden_and_evolution/img/6.jpg  Picture for last slide:  http://mil.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/geology141lab/title/fossils.jpg http://mil.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/geology141lab/title/fossils.jpg  T-rex teeth:  http://dsc.discovery.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-pictures/t-rex-pictures/images/tyrannasaurus-teeth-fossil.jpg http://dsc.discovery.com/dinosaurs/dinosaur-pictures/t-rex-pictures/images/tyrannasaurus-teeth-fossil.jpg  Fern impression:  http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/images/neuropteris.gif&imgrefurl=http: //www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/tour/seed-ferns- cordaites.php&usg=__vTAjwY6ykshkLZ9XsGc0I2sPidU=&h=109&w=147&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=vBewXkFzORB1 KM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bimpression%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/images/neuropteris.gif&imgrefurl=http: //www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/tour/seed-ferns- cordaites.php&usg=__vTAjwY6ykshkLZ9XsGc0I2sPidU=&h=109&w=147&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=vBewXkFzORB1 KM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bimpression%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/images/neuropteris.gif&imgrefurl=http: //www.adonline.id.au/plantevol/tour/seed-ferns- cordaites.php&usg=__vTAjwY6ykshkLZ9XsGc0I2sPidU=&h=109&w=147&sz=7&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=vBewXkFzORB1 KM:&tbnh=70&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dplant%2Bimpression%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den  Human footprint:  http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/weblog%2520zinken%2520australia%25 20footprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/2005/12/human_ice_age_p.html&usg=__rjQoPpr2tqWki bcWeTbHwI4ohjs=&h=300&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5SGh9lJt7Vn64M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/ima ges%3Fq%3Dfootprint%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/weblog%2520zinken%2520australia%25 20footprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/2005/12/human_ice_age_p.html&usg=__rjQoPpr2tqWki bcWeTbHwI4ohjs=&h=300&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5SGh9lJt7Vn64M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/ima ges%3Fq%3Dfootprint%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/weblog%2520zinken%2520australia%25 20footprint.jpg&imgrefurl=http://zinken.typepad.com/palaeo/2005/12/human_ice_age_p.html&usg=__rjQoPpr2tqWki bcWeTbHwI4ohjs=&h=300&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=5SGh9lJt7Vn64M:&tbnh=85&tbnw=127&prev=/ima ges%3Fq%3Dfootprint%2Bfossil%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN  Coprolite fossil:  http://paleo.cc/fossils/coprolites/coprolite-med1.jpg http://paleo.cc/fossils/coprolites/coprolite-med1.jpg  Info for how fossils are formed:  http://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/how_are_fossils_formed.html http://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/how_are_fossils_formed.html  Picture for how fossils are formed slide:  http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/847/20120207.JPG http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/847/20120207.JPG  Picture for burrow and examples of fossils slide:  http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.t- rat.com/images/Fossils%2520Preservation/burrow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.t- rat.com/Pages/FossilPreservation.html&usg=__I0UVb5oDMvpTOlrEXoVql0QOsBs=&h=274&w=236&sz=16&hl=en&start =44&tbnid=FJwH2cnOOhrhkM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburrow%2Bfossils%26start%3D42%26g bv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.t- rat.com/images/Fossils%2520Preservation/burrow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.t- rat.com/Pages/FossilPreservation.html&usg=__I0UVb5oDMvpTOlrEXoVql0QOsBs=&h=274&w=236&sz=16&hl=en&start =44&tbnid=FJwH2cnOOhrhkM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburrow%2Bfossils%26start%3D42%26g bv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.t- rat.com/images/Fossils%2520Preservation/burrow.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.t- rat.com/Pages/FossilPreservation.html&usg=__I0UVb5oDMvpTOlrEXoVql0QOsBs=&h=274&w=236&sz=16&hl=en&start =44&tbnid=FJwH2cnOOhrhkM:&tbnh=113&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburrow%2Bfossils%26start%3D42%26g bv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN  Picture for petrified wood:  http://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/Images/Permineralization560.jpeg http://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/Images/Permineralization560.jpeg  Picture for asphalt:  http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/fossil/mammal/6mammoth-tar-pits1957.jpg http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/fossil/mammal/6mammoth-tar-pits1957.jpg  Picture of snake with legs:  http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/images/exhibit/gallery/md/snake-limb-bud.jpg http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/images/exhibit/gallery/md/snake-limb-bud.jpg  Picture of Whale fossil  http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdMpbAB0DRI/SCrKcjgBX_I/AAAAAAAAE7E/6sUX73LodiU/s400/IMG_0714.jpghttp://temple ton-cambridge.org/fellows/vedantam/publications/2006.02.05/eden_and_evolution/img/6.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdMpbAB0DRI/SCrKcjgBX_I/AAAAAAAAE7E/6sUX73LodiU/s400/IMG_0714.jpghttp://temple ton-cambridge.org/fellows/vedantam/publications/2006.02.05/eden_and_evolution/img/6.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_vdMpbAB0DRI/SCrKcjgBX_I/AAAAAAAAE7E/6sUX73LodiU/s400/IMG_0714.jpghttp://temple ton-cambridge.org/fellows/vedantam/publications/2006.02.05/eden_and_evolution/img/6.jpg  Picture for last slide:  http://mil.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/geology141lab/title/fossils.jpg http://mil.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/geology141lab/title/fossils.jpg