1. POL2 204 Fall 2011

2. The Global

3. Traditional Undeveloped Pre-Industrial Developed Underdeveloped Development Underdevelopment State 1 ProcessState 2 The Great Divergence The Global Gap Industrial Revolution Colonialism Decolonization

4. The Three Main Historical “Paths” in the Processes of Development & Underdevelopment Note: Years are approximate beginning and ending points Prof. William A. Joseph / Wellesley College

6. Gregory Clark, A Farewell To Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World (2007) c. 1770

7. "The Day the World Took Off, Part 2. Wheeling and Dealing"

9. Angus Maddison, "The Contours of World Development," ch. 1 in The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (2001).

11. THE GREAT DIVERGENCE http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/World_GDP_Capita_1-2003_A.D.png

12. Zheng He 郑和 (1371- 1434)

13. Zheng He 郑和 (1371-1435)

15. *Adapted from http://law.jrank.org/pages/9534/Proximate-Cause.html#ixzz0TM7O00Vb **law.jrank.org/pages/7483/Immediate-Cause.html Three levels of causation immediate cause ** The final act in a series of provocations leading to a particular result or event, directly producing such result without the intervention of any further provocation. proximate cause * An act from which [an outcome] results as a... direct, uninterrupted consequence and without which [it would] not have occurred...It is not necessarily the closest cause in time or space nor the first event that sets in motion a sequence of events leading to an outcome. ultimate cause The most fundamental explanation for an outcome; the deepest root of what is being explained; the true origins of something.

16. ULTIMATE CAUSE PROXIMATE CAUSES IMMEDIATE CAUSES THE GLOBAL GAP

20. SUSTAINING FACTORS e.g. governance; culture; global economy & institutions The Global Gap IMMEDIATE FACTORS From Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond, 87. Colonialism, Industrial Revolution