1. Bell Questions 11/11/10
Where are elements that are heavier than hydrogen and helium made?
What do we learn from the fact that most of the galaxies are red shifted?
What is indicated by a star’s color?

2. Quiz on Stars
The beginning of __________________ marks the birth of a star.
A star that has collapsed to the point where electrons and protons are smashed together is a(n) ____________________.
Where are elements that are heavier than hydrogen and helium made (elements such as iron)?

3. Objects, such as stars, moving away from an observer
What is the correct sequence for the life of a low- mass star like the sun
Protostar, main sequence star, red giant, white dwarf
Red giant, white dwarf, supernova black dwarf
Protostar, red giant, white dwarf, main sequence star
What will a star that’s 1,000 times as massive as the sun ultimately become
A white dwarf
A planetary nebula
A black hole
Objects, such as stars, moving away from an observer
A. do not display a color shift.
B. display a blue shift.
C. display a red shift.

4. The Big Bang
cosmology the study of the origin, properties, processes, and evolution of the universe

5. Edwin Hubble
Hubble found that the spectra of most galaxies were red shifted.
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6. Expanding Universe
Using Hubble’s observations, astronomers have been able to determine that the universe is expanding.

7. The Big Bang
big bang theory the theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that about 14 billion years ago exploded and began expanding in all directions.
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9. Using figure 3 on page 794 answer the following questions.
How long after the big bang did the first hydrogen nuclei form?
According to the big bang theory, what did the small sphere in the figure to the left contain?
After the big bang, what happened to the matter that was released?
Why do scientists now believe that the matter that exploded out of the big bang did not distribute itself evenly throughout the universe? What evidence supports this hypothesis?
According to this theory, how old is the universe?

10. Evidence for the Big Bang
cosmic background radiation - uniformly detected from every direction in space; considered a remnant of the big bang.

11. Bell Questions 11/12/10
Who was the astronomer that realized most of the galaxies in the universe were red shifted?
In order to analyze starlight, astronomers direct it through ____________________.
The idea that all matter and energy was compressed into a small volume at one time billions of years ago and then exploded and began to expand is called ____________________.

12. Dark Materials: Most of the universe is hiding in the dark, Can astronomers find it?
Wordstorming
Talk with your partner and write down as many word as you can think of that start with M, U, S and G that might be found in this article.
Write down two questions you have that might be answered by this article.

13. Question from Current Science Article “Dark Materials”
What percentage of the universe is not dark matter or ordinary matter?
What observation led scientists to believe that our galaxy, the Milky Way, contains dark matter?
What observation led scientists to believe that dark energy exists in the universe?
What visual evidence do astronomers have for the existence of dark matter?
What is the difference between the big rip and the big crunch?

14. What the Universe is Made of
4% Stars and planets
23% Dark Matter – doesn’t give off light but has gravity
73% Dark Energy - ??? May be a force that opposes gravity