1. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA) FHI 360 1825 Connecticut Ave., NW Washington, DC 20009 Tel: 202-884-8000 Fax: 202-884-8432 Email: fantamail@fhi360.org Website: www.fantaproject.org LogFrames Food for Peace Monitoring and Evaluation Workshop for FFP Development Food Assistance Projects

2. Session Objectives By the end of this session, participants will have: Explained what their project’s LogFrame communicates and how it supports their particular project’s M&E plan and system Defined the key components of a LogFrame and how each component relates to each other LogFrames

3. LogFrame Narrative SummaryIndicatorsData SourcesAssumptions Goal Project Purpose Sub-purpose Immediate Outcome Output Input LogFrames

4. Language Equivalence RESULTS FRAMEWORKLOGFRAME (EQUIVALENCE) Goal Strategic Objective (SO)Project Purpose Intermediate Result (IR)Sub-purpose Sub-IRImmediate Outcome Project activitiesOutput Input LogFrames

5. Activity 1: Your LogFrame (5 minutes) Individually read your project’s LogFrame. Determine: What does your project plan to accomplish? How will your project accomplish its purposes and sub-purposes? LogFrames

6. Activity 2: Describe Your Project (10 minutes) Partner with someone from another organization: In 5 minutes (in total), describe your projects to each other, using your LogFrame as a guide. Ask questions of each other, as needed. Plenary Discussion (5 min): How did the LogFrame help you to explain your project and answer the questions we asked? LogFrames

7. What Are the Basic Purposes of LogFrames? LogFrame Purpose Project Design/Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Communication LogFrames

8. In a good project, the main objective is stated as a RESULT: “House built” Single objective Clear vision LogFrames

9. “If you don’t know where you’re going, any road will get you there.” –Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland Some projects lack a clear view of their destination LogFrames

10. Some projects don’t know how to get where they want to go LogFrames

11. LogFrame: Your project’s Road Map Narrative SummaryIndicatorsData SourcesAssumptions Goal Project Purpose Sub-purpose Immediate Outcome Output Input LogFrames

12. Activity 3: LogFrames Key Definitions Narrative SummaryIndicatorsData SourcesAssumptions Goal Project Purpose Sub-purpose Immediate Outcome Output Input LogFrames

13. Critical Assumptions and Risks Specific and measurable (if possible) Verify validity Assess importance Evaluate risk Mitigate risk Monitor changes in the status of the assumption LogFrames

14. LogFrame Purpose Project Design/Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Communication LogFrames

15. Approximate Correlation Between LogFrame and Indicator Levels Goal Purpose Impact and Outcome Indicators Sub-purpose Immediate outcomes Outcome Indicators Output Input Output and Process Indicators LogFrames

16. Monitoring at every level helps pinpoint where a barrier may exist 1 bag of seed and 5 bags of fertilizer distributed to 50 households; 50 households trained in cultivation of new crop. Only 5 of 50 households produced the new crop. Household incomes remained unchanged. Families had to eat the seeds during the hungry months Outputs/Inputs: We train farmers from 50 households to use new seeds; we distribute seeds and fertilizer Sub-Purpose: Production of non- traditional crops increased Purpose: Farm incomes increased Goal: Poverty reduced Immediate Outcome: Knowledge of how to use new seeds varieties increased 80% of farmers remembered what they learned. LogFrames

17. Potential LogFrame Pitfalls LogFrames

18. Potential Pitfall #1: Unclear Wording To maximize the capabilities of professional staff and use taxpayer resources wisely while engaging in therapeutic interventions and case management processes so that children’s development capacities are unencumbered by adverse environmental circumstances of experiences. Children safe from abuse and neglect. VS. LogFrames

19. Narrative SummaryIndicatorsData SourcesAssumptions Goal Project Purpose Sub-purpose Immediate Outcome Output Input Potential Pitfall #2: Not Using “If…Then” Causal Logic We think this will be the outcome If we do these activities and use these resources LogFrames

20. Why? Outputs/Inputs: We train farmers to use new seeds; we distribute seeds Sub-Purpose: Production of non- traditional crops increased Immediate Outcome: Knowledge of how to use new seeds varieties increased Purpose: Farm incomes increased Goal: Poverty reduced Assumptions LogFrames

21. How? Outputs/Inputs: We train farmers to use new seeds; we distribute seeds Sub-Purpose: Production of non- traditional crops increased Immediate Outcome: Knowledge of how to use new seeds varieties increased Purpose: Farm incomes increased Goal: Poverty reduced Assumptions LogFrames

22. Potential Pitfall #3: Causality versus Definition Healthier Families (Purpose) Healthier Families (Purpose) Healthy Moms (SP1) Healthy Dads (SP2) Healthy Children (SP3) LogFrames

23. Healthier Families (Purpose) Improved Quality of Health Services (SP1) Increased Access to Health Services (SP2) Improved Health Practices in Household (SP3) Potential Pitfall #3: Causality versus Definition LogFrames

24. Potential Pitfall #4: Purpose and Sub-Purpose Say the Same Thing Human health, related to nutrition, potable water, and health education improved Purpose Health and nutritional status of children less than 5 years of age and women of reproductive age improved Sub- purpose LogFrames

25. Purpose 1: Increased crop production SP1.1 Food security of resettled households is protected SP1.2 Improved MOA agricultural extension services to target households Potential Pitfall #5: Purpose and Sub-Purpose in Reverse Order LogFrames

26. PROJECT A’s Purpose: Community capacity and early warning systems strengthened to reduce risk and vulnerability PROJECT B’s Purpose: Enhance and protect livelihood strategies through sustainable improvements in agriculture, animal husbandry and NRM practices PROJECT C’s Purpose: Reduce vulnerability to risk and shocks by diversifying household income earning opportunities Potential Pitfall #6: Two Levels in One Results Statement LogFrames

27. Potential Pitfall #7: “Capacity building” is usually not a result, but a step in the process The capacity of communities to manage risks and cope with shocks resulting from vulnerability will be strengthened Purpose The capacities of food security committees in the prevention of risks and shocks is reinforced Sub-purpose LogFrames

28. Potential Pitfall #8: Indicators do not measure the result statement LogFrames

29. Potential Pitfall #9: Not Integrating Gender into the LogFrame LogFrames

30. Potential Pitfall #10: Not Integrating Environmental Considerations into the LogFrame LogFrames

31. Final Words of Wisdom About LogFrames The most important thing is for there to be a clear shared understanding of what the project is trying to accomplish and how it is doing that. – The LogFrame is an ideal tool for communicating that idea. Avoid getting bogged down in the LogFrame. LogFrames

32. Summary What to Look for in a LogFrame LogFrame should follow causal logic – If…then, why, and how Results statements should be: – Clear – Meaningful – Specific – Measurable – Feasible Results statements should be uni-dimensional: different levels should not be crammed into one result (by, through, to, in order to, so that, via) LogFrames

33. Summary What to Look for in a LogFrame Results should cause the level above, not define it LogFrame should not state the same thing in the sub- purpose as is said in the purpose – Remember, the purpose should describe the final end condition the project wants to achieve The purpose, sub-purposes and immediate outcomes should not be in reverse positions – Remember, the lower level causes the upper level to happen Capacity building is a means to an end; that end is what should appear in purposes and sub-purposes, not capacity building (with some exceptions) LogFrames

34. Summary What to Look for in a LogFrame Indicators should measure the results statements Assumptions need to be specific and measurable (if possible), valid, relevant, and be monitored Risks must be assessed and mitigated LogFrames

35. Resources Excerpt from ADS (Automated Directives System) Chapter 201: Planning USAID Technical Note: The Logical Framework LogFrames

36. This presentation is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the support of the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, and Office of Food for Peace, Bureau for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under terms of Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-12-00005, through the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA), managed by FHI 360. The contents are the responsibility of FHI 360 and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. LogFrames