1. Cells

2. Cell Vocabulary Monomer Polymer Macromolecule Organic Compound
Activation Energy
Enzymes
Catalyst

3. What do all these organisms have in common
What do all these organisms have in common? Carbon based—carbon molecules are like the backbone of living things

4. Carbon Molecules Organic Molecules

5. Carbon Molecules Organic Molecules
Can be very LARGE
A POLYMER is a molecule, like a carbon molecule, that consists of repeated, linked units.
Large polymers are called MACROMOLECULES
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

6. Macromolecules Carbs All Carbons, Hydrogens, Oxygen Atoms Sugars
Lipids
Long chains of mostly Cs and Hs
Not soluble in water
Fats/oils
Proteins
Enzymes, amino acids
Cs, Hs, Os, and Nitrogen
Nucleic Acids
Cs, Hs, Os, N, and Phosphorus
Nucleotide
DNA

7. Wool Glass rod Cotton Carbon dioxide Paper plant
Organic or Inorganic???
Organic Inorganic
Wool
Cotton
Glass rod
Paper
Potted plant
Carbon dioxide
Wool
Glass rod
Cotton
Carbon dioxide
Paper
plant
Sort into 2 groups

8. What are organic foods? Brainpop…
Is the term “Organic Food” related to the biological definition of Organic compounds?

9. Organic Molecules Video Clip
Crash Course Biology: You are what you eat, about 14 min long

10. Identifying Organic Molecules Lab!
District Lab Manual—set up data tables first

11. ENERGY is the ability to do work
Energy and Matter
ENERGY is the ability to do work
Light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanical
Motion requires ENERGY, faster movement = more required energy = more heat
Light Stick Demo p.35

12. Chemical Reactions and Energy
In a chemical reaction one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances.
Energy is absorbed or released when chemical bonds are broken and new ones are formed
METABOLISM is the term used to describe all the reactions within your body (at a cellular level) that produce or use energy

13. Activation Energy
For most chemical reactions, energy must be ADDED to the reactants.
The energy needed to start a reaction is called ACTIVATION ENERGY
Certain chemical substances, CATALYSTS, reduce the amount of starting or activation energy needed for the reaction to take place
In living things ENZYMES act as catalysts.

14. RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts Enzyme Lab!
Enzymes
RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts
Enzyme Lab!
Sunscreen lab or Temps effect on reaction rates or concentration—district lab manual

15. 1600 Cell Shape and Size Press your pen to your paper to create dot.
How many cells do you think would fit within that dot????
1600
Cell video clip—2:30, on flash drive

16. Despite cell diversity, ALL cells have 3 basic parts: Plasma Membrane
Basic Parts of a Cell
Despite cell diversity, ALL cells have 3 basic parts:
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Control Center

17. Plasma Membrane Cell’s outer boundary
Covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell
All materials enter and exit through the plasma membrane
Membrane is SEMIPERMEABLE: allows only certain materials in and out.
Balloon/Perfume Demo

18. Plasma Membrane
Cell Membranes Rap 3:40

19. The region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
The region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane
Includes the fluid, cytoskeleton, and all organelles (except nucleus).

20. Cytoplasm

21. Control Center Cells carry coded information in the form of DNA.
In some cells DNA floats freely inside the cell
In other cells the DNA is found in a membrane- bound organelle: the NUCLEUS
Most functions of a cell are controlled by the nucleus.

22. Control Center

23. Basic Parts Video Clip
Youtube—Nucleous and Cytoplasm Song, 3:24

24. Draw a cell and label all 3 basic parts
INTERACTIVE
Draw a cell and label all 3 basic parts
You do NOT need to include all the organelles

25. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic vs Viruses
These 3 types of cells differ in complexity and general structure

26. Pro vs Euk Cell POGIL

27. Lack internal membrane-bound structures Unicellular organisms
Prokaryotic Cells
Lack internal membrane-bound structures
Unicellular organisms
About 1/10th the size of a Eukaryotic cell.
Example: bacteria
Yogurt on a slide?

28. Prokaryotic Cell on a Slide!
Smear yogurt on a slide
Add a drop of water
Place a coverslip
Draw and Describe what you see

29. Multicellular organisms Membrane bound organelles Mostly animal cells
Eukaryotic Cell
Multicellular organisms
Membrane bound organelles
Mostly animal cells
Present in all living things, except bacteria
Cheek Cells on a Slide

30. Eukaryotic Cell on a Slide!
1. Put a drop of methylene blue on a slide. Caution: methylene blue will stain clothes and skin. 2. Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with the flat side of a toothpick. Scrape lightly. 3. Stir the end of the toothpick in the stain and throw the toothpick away. 4. Place a coverslip onto the slide 5. Draw and Describe what you see

31. Virus
Disease causing, nonliving particles
Has a plasma membrane, cell wall, protein capsule
Either DNA or RNA, but only single stranded.
Cannot make their own energy or reproduce
Tiny compared to eukaryotic cells

32. Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, Virus Cells

33. Cell Organelles Plasma Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Cytoskeleton

34. Organelles POGIL

35. The Cell Song! Available on Youtube and Itunes
The Cell Song…3:10 science music videos

36. Plasma Membrane
Made of phospholipids, hydrophilic “water-loving” head and hydrophobic, “water-fearing” tails.
Phospholipids line up so the heads point toward the water and tails away from the water, forming a PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
This PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER makes the membrane selectively permeable

38. Fluid Model of a Semipermeable Membrane
Follow the steps with the teacher
When complete answer the following in your notes:
How is this demo like a real cell membrane?
p.78

39. Plasma Membrane Rap
Youtube 3:40

40. Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Nucleus
Directs cell activities
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material - DNA

41. Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds nucleus
Made of two layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

42. Contain instructions for traits & characteristics
Chromosomes
In nucleus
Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

43. Contains RNA to build proteins
Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
Contains RNA to build proteins

45. Mitochondria, aka “Mighty-Chondria”
This organelle processes energy for a cell. It makes ATP by breaking down glucose to Carbon dioxide.
(ATP = energy)
Involved in cellular respiration
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Mitochondria even have their own DNA!

47. Ribosomes (not an organelle - but important)
Present in the cytoplasm.
Present with Rough ER.
No membrane present.
Each cell contains thousands
Make proteins

49. Endoplasmic Reticulum
System of tubes and sacs
Moves materials around in cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

50. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transports materials throughout the cell.
Digests lipids.
Produces proteins.

51. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Covered with ribosomes.
Produces proteins.
Transports materials throughout the cell.

53. Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
Protein 'packaging plant'
Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

55. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

58. Mitochondria

60. Ribosomes

61. Let’s hear that Cell Song Again…

62. A quick review of cell organelles
3 Facts from the Brainpop on Cell Structures

63. Cell Memory Chart
From Science Spot

64. INTERACTIVE Cell City
Biology corner w/s

65. The BEST Organelle!!
Competition, p.81

66. Unique Features of Plant Cells
Cell Wall
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts

67. Cell Wall (Plant Cell Only)
Rigid and strong wall.
Protects and maintains the shape of the cell.

68. Chloroplast (Plant Cell Only)
Contains chlorophyll.
Makes plants green.
Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars.
Photosynthesis takes place here.

69. Central Vacuole (Plant Cell Only)
Most plant cells have one large one.
Filled w/ fluid.
Helps maintains turgor pressure and shape of cell.

70. Cell Flap Book
Coloring pages of all animal and plant, with organelles on tabs (Chey’s is example)

71. Plant, Eukaryote, or Prokaryote Cell??
Number your paper 1-10
Identify each cell as Plant or Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic

73. Prokaryotici

74. Plant

75. Eukaryote

76. eukaryote

77. plant

78. prokaryote

79. eukaryote

80. plant

82. Plant and Animal Cell Mystery!
Flinn Lab

83. More Vocabulary… Passive transport Turgor pressure Active transport
Endocytosis
Diffusion
Exocytosis
Concentration gradient
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Equilibrium
Isotonic
Osmosis

84. and Active Transport Cell Homeostasis
Cell membranes help organisms maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances may enter or leave cells.
There are two main ways of transporting materials into and out of a cell:
Passive Transport
and
Active Transport

85. Passive Transport
Passive transport occurs when substances cross the cell membrane without any energy by the cell
Transport with NO Energy—riding a bike downhill
Diffusion and Osmosis are the primary methods of Passive Transport

86. Diffusion Simplest form of passive transport
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
The difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance is called a CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
Molecules will move from one area to another until it reaches EQUILIBRIUM, or a balance.
Demo—dissolve sugar in water…give each group a beaker and watch it.

87. Osmosis
Osmosis is the passive (no energy required) transport of water across a cell membrane
Water moves from areas of high concentration to low concentration
When the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower than inside the cell, the solution outside the cell is HYPOTONIC to the cell. In this situation water diffuses INTO the cell until equilibrium is established.
If the solution outside the cell is higher than the inside the cell the solution is HYPERTONIC and the water diffuses out of the cell to reach equilibrium
When the concentrations are equal=ISOTONIC

90. Osmosis Video Clip
How Osmosis Works 1”41

91. Osmosis Rap
Osmosis Rap on youtube 4min

92. Potatoes and Osmosis Activity

93. Osmosis Carrot Lab!
Youtube—Diffusion and Osmosis 4:18, intros the egg lab

94. Osmosis POGIL

95. Active Transport
When cells need to transport materials from an area of low concentration to high concentration (the opposite of what would naturally happen) it is called ACTIVE TRANSPORT, the cell needs to use ENERGY.
Wire Strainer w/ fruit and juice example

96. Endocytosis
The process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles.

97. Exocytosis
Process by which a substance is released from a cell

98. Endo and Exo video clip
Under 2 min, youtube

99. Does Cell Size Effect Diffusion??
Text book or lab manual—students set up and carry out lab
Insert youtube videos on the procedure for the lab