2. Sound Music to my ears!

3. Sound Study Guide What is sound?Pitch vs. Volume How we hear sound Click on your study guide choice! Videos from class

4. What is Sound? Sounds are vibrations Like in our investigations, this ruler shows how objects that make sound make vibrations. Air molecules vibrate and send these vibrations to your ear where you “hear” the sounds!

5. What is Sound? Sounds travel in waves Each “wave” represents a sound wave. Remember that the molecules vibrate and pass on the vibrations to the molecules around them to move the wave to your ear! http://odin.physastro.mnsu.edu/~eskridge/astr101/Surface_waves.jpg

6. Sound through materials Sounds pass through denser forms of matter better Click here to visit a site on sound and matter density!here

7. Review Questions If an object does NOT vibrate, will it make a sound? Yes No

8. Review Question What material does sound travel through the best? Solid Liquid Gas

9. Correct! Sounds travel through denser forms of matter like solids because the molecules are closer together and the vibrations get passed on faster!

10. Correct! Even if you cannot see the vibrations, anything that makes a sound HAS to vibrate! Great Job! Move onto the next study guide!

11. Nice try, but let’s review! Let’s review now!

12. Great Job! Let’s go back and pick another review topic! Pick another review topic now!

13. Pitch Versus Volume What’s the difference?

14. Pitch vs. Volume Pitch is how HIGH or LOW a sound is Listen to the differences from our nail pitch investigation! Listen

15. Pitch The FASTER the vibrations (higher frequency) … The HIGHER the pitch The SLOWER the vibrations (lower frequency)… The LOWER the pitch Pitch is the speed of vibrations High Frequency/ pitch Low Frequency/ pitch http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/articles/20081015/Feature1.asp

16. Changing Pitch Think back to our pitch investigations…  Changing the length of a ruler  Changing the length of the string  Changing the length of the slide whistle What does changing length do to pitch? The shorter the length, the higher the pitch The longer the length, the lower the pitch!

17. Tension Like the string board, changing the TENSION in a string will change the pitch. INCREASING the tension (making it tighter) will INCREASE the pitch. DECREASING the tension (making it looser) will DECREASE the pitch.

18. Think Back… What was ONE way we changed pitch in our investigations? Shorten the string or column of air Hit the drum with more force Add more strings of the same length

19. Correct! To make the pitch HIGHER…SHORTEN the string or instrument! To make the pitch LOWER…LENGTHEN the string or instrument! Next Question!

20. Nice try but let’s review! Review now!

21. Next Question… From our investigation with our string boards, loosening the string (decreasing tension) will… Make the pitch HIGHER Make the pitch LOWER

22. Correct! With string instruments, INCREASING the tension (tightness) of the string will raise the pitch While DECREASING the tension will lower the pitch Next, onto volume!

23. Volume Volume is how LOUD or SOFT a sound is. Volume is measured in units called DECIBELS

24. Volume Softer volumeLouder volume http://images.apple.com/uk/sound/images/sounddiagram20060509.gif Notice that the frequency (how many waves per second) does not change!

25. Sound Review So let’s review one more time… What is pitch? How loud or soft a sound is How high or low a sound is How fast or slow you play an instrument

26. Correct! Next Question How would you increase volume? Pluck a string harder Pluck a string softer

27. Nice try but let’s review! Back to Pitch vs. Volume

28. Great Job! You finished the Sound Review! Click below to go onto the next study guide! Sound Study Guide

29. Nice Try but let’s review! Volume Review

30. Videos from class Mythbuster’s Ruben’s Tube-visible sound waveMythbuster’s Ruben’s Tube Chladni Plate-Pitch patternsChladni Plate STOMP Broadway musical-Anything can make music!STOMP

31. How do we hear sounds? Using our ears

32. Our Ears! Our ears are made to collect sound vibrations and convert them into electric signals that are sent to the brain! Vibrations http://www.kids-ent.com/images/clinical

33. Anatomy of the Ear Take a close look. Do you remember the process of hearing?

34. How we hear sound 1. Vibrations enter the outer ear 2. Vibrations cause the eardrum to vibrate 3. The vibrating eardrum makes the three middle ear bones vibrate 4. The inner ear bones causes the fluid in the cochlea to vibrate 5. The cochlea fluid makes little hairs move which create nerve signals that is understood as sound in your brain!

35. Kidshealth.org Read this article and watch this video on how your ear works. Did you find out anything new? Kidshealth.org Animation of how your ear works

36. Review Question What process is NOT part of the hearing process? Vibrations are collected by the outer ear The Eardrum causes the middle ear bones to vibrate The cochlea stops the sound before it reaches the brain

37. Correct! The cochlea does not stop the sound. It actually converts the sound to nerve signals which allow you to HEAR the sound! Let’s move on

38. Nice try but let’s review Review now

39. Ear Damage Can a loud sound hurt our ears? YES! Loud sounds can damage some inner parts of the ear. This can lead to temporary or permanent hearing loss! Protect your hearing by moving away from the sound or by wearing ear protection.

40. Ear Damage Some people are born with hearing defects or get them from situations such as accidents. While there are a variety of reasons why somebody can lose their hearing, many defects are from a mechanical part of the ear that does not work properly (example, a burst eardrum cannot pass on vibrations!).

41. Ear Damage There are ways to help people who have hearing defects. One example is a hearing aid which helps make sounds louder for the user. It is worn in or around the ear.

42. Ear Damage For some people who cannot hear sounds, sign language is a type of communication that uses hand movements to indicate letters, words, and sentences. www.asluniversity.com/.../fingerspelling.htm

43. Review Question True or False? Loud music can cause hearing loss. True False

44. Correct! Protect your hearing by moving yourself away from loud sounds or by using ear protectors! Let’s move on

45. Nice try but let’s review! Review now

46. Next Question Your ear is shaped to Easily catch sound vibrations Give you the ability to fly Taste food

47. Correct! You have completed the study guide! Nice job! Yay! Click here to return to the main slide!

48. Nice try but let’s review! Review now