1. Presentation by: Nathan Keane & Drew Lambert

2. The Nixon Doctrine Vietnamization Aid to Families and Dependent Children (AFDC) Philadelphia Plan of 1969 Environmental Protection Agency Southern Strategy Watergate Key Terms

3. Born January 9, 1913 Died April 22, 1994 Inaugurated on January 20, 1969 Resigned on August 9, 1974 after hearing of his near certain impeachment. Background Info

4. Proclaimed that the U.S. would honor it’s existing defense commitments but that in the future, Asians and others would have to fight their own wars without the support of large bodies of U.S. ground troops. Anti-war protestors staged a massive national Vietnam moratorium in October 1969 has nearly 100,000 people jam the Boston Common and some 50,000 filed by the White House carrying lighted candles. The Nixon Doctrine

5. Undaunted, Nixon launched his own home front counteroffensive on November 3, 1969 he delivered a dramatic television appeal to the great silent majority who presumably supported the war. Nixon himself in 1970 sneered at the student anti-war demonstrators as bums The Nixon Doctrine (cont.)

6. January 1970 Vietnam conflict had become the longest in American history with 40,000 killed and over 250,000 wounded The third most costly foreign war in the nations experience Vietnamization- Nixon’s plan to withdraw the 540,000 U.S. troops in South Vietnam The war was highly unpopular. Drug abuse, mutiny, and sabotage dulled the army’s fighting edge. Ugly rumors filtered out of Vietnam that soldiers were fragging their own officers Domestic discuss with the war was further deepened in 1970 by revelations that in 1968 American troops had massacred innocent women and children in the village of My Lai. As president, Nixon’s response was to widen the war in 1970 by ordering an attack on Vietnam’s neighbor, Cambodia. Vietnam War

7. April 29, 1970 without consulting Congress, Nixon ordered American forces joining with the South Vietnamese to clean out the enemy sanctuaries in officially neutral Cambodia Nixon withdrew the American troops from Cambodia on June 29, 1970 after only 2 months The President’s supporters argued that they captured enemy supplies and gave South Vietnamese 8 months to strengthen themselves, but the bases were not eliminated and Cambodian communist soon overran large areas of the country Cambodia As anti-war firestorm flared even higher, Nixon grew more daring in his search for an exit from Vietnam

8. Nixon concluded that the road out of Vietnam ran through Beijing and Moscow Nixon astutely perceived that the Chinese-Soviet tension afforded the U.S. an opportunity to play off one antagonist against the other and to enlist the aid of both in pursuing North Vietnam into peace A former Harvard professor in 1969 had begun meeting secretly on Nixon’s behalf with North Vietnamese officials in Paris to negotiate an end to the war in Vietnam 1971 Nixon startled the nation when he accepted an invitation from China to visit the country. He made the journey in February 1972 Nixon then visited Moscow in May 1972 to play his China card in a game of high-stakes diplomacy in the Kremlin Soviets, in need of American foodstuffs and worried over the possibility of intensified rivalry with the American backed China, were ready to deal Nixon’s Relations with China and Russia

9. Nixon’s détente diplomacy did, to some extent, dry-ice the cold war by co-opting the two great communist powers, the President had cleverly set the stage for America’s exit from Vietnam, but the concluding act still remained to be played Nixon’s Relations with China and Russia (cont.)

10. Aid to Families and Dependent Children (AFDC) targeted single mothers of young children Nixon increased food stamps and medic aid. Implemented a new federal program, supplemental security income (know as SSI) which gave generous benefits to the indigent age blind and disabled 1972 rose social security old age pensions and increased living cost by more than 3% Nixon helped reduce the nation’s poverty rate to 11% in 1973 Philadelphia Plan of 1969 required construction trade unions working on federal contracts in Philadelphia to establish goals and time tables for the hiring of black apprentices Domestic Policy

11. Nixon opened broad employment and educational opportunities for minorities and women He created the Environmental Protection Agency mounting concern for the environment and air pollution in Los Angeles Nixon’s “Southern Strategy” emphasized on appeal to white voters by soft pedaling civil rights and openly apposing school bussing to achieve racial balance Domestic Policy (cont.)

12. June 17, 1972 a bungled burglary had occurred in the democratic headquarters located in the Watergate apartment office 5 men were arrested with bugging equipment They were working for the republican committee for the re-election of the president, better known as CREEP They were known to raise tens of millions of dollars through secretive, unethical, or unlawful means They used dirty tricks in campaign runs such as espionage and sabotage and including fake documents directed against democratic candidates Watergate

13. Watergate Scandal cause many of Nixon’s administration to be questioned and forced to quit The attention from Watergate caused an internal investigation from the FBI and the CIA into Nixon’s affairs Nixon claimed on national television that he knew nothing of the scandal, but on June 23, 1972 a recorded conversation of Nixon proved he had known of the scandal 6 days before it happened This information gave the Republican party a horrible reputation and claimed that Nixon was a loose-cannon in the seat of the President Faced with inevitable impeachment, on August 8, 1974, Nixon resigned and gave his farewell address on national television Resignation

14. Gannon, Frank. "Domestic Policy Initiatives of The Nixon Years." Domestic Policy. Richard Nixon Foundation, 15 May 2010. Web. 18 Mar. 2012.. Kennedy, David M., and Lizabeth Cohen. "The Stalemate Seventies." The American Pageant. By Thomas A. Bailey. 11th ed. Boston, NY: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 966-76. Print. "Nixon Resigns." Washington Post. Washington Post. Web. 19 Mar. 2012.. Bibliography