1. Ventricular Pressure loop
Stoke Volume
= 85 15
180
120 60
Ejection Fraction
= 59%
Aortic valve closes
Ejection
Aortic valve opens
End-systolic volume
Pressure (mmHg)
Stroke
volume
Isovolumic relaxation
Isovolumic contraction
End-diastolic volume
Filling
Mitral valve opens
Mitral valve closes 50
100
150 60
145
Volume (ml)

2. Systolic Heart Failure
Contractility 15
180
120 60
Pressure
EDV
ESV
Pressure (mmHg)
Filling 50
100
150
110
160
Volume (ml)

3. Aortic Insufficiency Increase preload Increase in stroke volume
Increase in ventricular pressure 15
180
120 60
Pressure (mmHg)
Stroke
volume
Filling 50
100
150
Volume (ml)

4. Hypertension (Increase TPR)
Increase after load
Increase in ventricular pressure 15
180
120 60
Pressure (mmHg)
Filling 50
100
150
Volume (ml)

5. Aortic Stenosis Increase after load Increase in ventricular pressure
Decrease in stroke volume 15
180
120 60
Pressure (mmHg)
Filling 50
100
150
Volume (ml)

6. Increased Contractility
Decrease ESV
Increase SV
Slight decrease in EDV 15
180
120 60
Pressure (mmHg)
Filling 50
100
150
Volume (ml)

7. Mitral Stenosis Decrease Contractility Decrease Presssure Increase EDV
Increase ESV 15
180
120 60
Pressure (mmHg)
Filling 50
100
150
Volume (ml)

8. Mitral Insufficiency Pressure (mmHg) Volume (ml) 15 180 120 60 Filling50
100
150
Volume (ml)