1. Created by Amy Stanley

2. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is stopped or when bleeding occurs in the brain. Any time the brain is deprived of oxygen for too long or blood spills in the brain, brain damage may occur.

3. There are two main types: 1) An artery carrying blood to the brain may be blocked by a blood clot or a buildup of material like cholesterol, causing brain tissue to die. Over 80% of all strokes happen this way. 2) An artery carrying blood to the brain may burst, causing the blood to spill and clot in the brain. http://www.medicalscale1.com/cat egory/stroke-video/

4. There are many risk factors for stroke. They include: High cholesterol High blood pressure Family history of a stroke Age (55 or older) Diabetes Smoking Male African American Previous stroke Unusual/low breathing while asleep Living in the stroke belt (mostly southern states)

5. There are many symptoms of a stoke. They include the following sudden conditions: Unusual sounding speech or difficulty speaking Blurred vision Severe headache Loss of coordination/ trouble walking Muscle weakness or tingling/numbness in one side of the body

6. Timing is everything. The best thing you can do is get the person to the hospital as soon as possible. Even if the symptoms go away, the person still needs to seek medical treatment. They may have experienced a mini-stroke that could lead to a more serious stroke.

7. Act FAST: F ace: Does the face look uneven? Ask your loved one to smile. A rm: Does one arm drift down? Ask them to raise both arms. S peech: Does their speech sound strange? Ask them to repeat a phrase. T ime: Every second brain cells die. Call 9-1-1 at any sign of a stroke. http://strokedoctor.com/medical-info/memory-problems-may-be- sign-of-stroke-risk

8. To help prevent a stroke, you can: Eat a healthy diet with low cholesterol and fat. You should also eat less salty foods and more vegetables and fruit. Exercise regularly to maintain a healthy weight. Do not smoke cigarettes.

9. Aphasia is an acquired condition that causes difficulty in understanding language and speaking due to brain damage on the left side of the brain. Stroke is the number one cause of aphasia. Left side brain damage http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/Words/Aphasia.htm

10. Aphasia is not memory loss. Aphasia is not a loss of intelligence. Aphasia is not a loss of muscle use, although muscle weakness may be seen with it. http://www.aphasia.org/EmergencyResponder.html

11. Aphasia will impact an individual’s language. Some symptoms of aphasia may include: Difficulty speaking and writing Slight or significant difficulty understanding language, spoken or written Slow, difficult speech with pauses Speech that is spoken at a normal rate, but difficult to understand because of made up words,off-topic words, or repeated phrases Difficulty repeating words or identifying objects

12. There are several kinds of aphasia depending on which part of the brain is damaged. These are the two major types: 1) One type may allow the person to speak at a normal rate, however their speech may be confusing and difficult to understand. They may also have difficulty understanding language. 2) The second type may allow the person to understand language better than they can speak, so their speech may be slow and difficult to produce. However, some people may have difficulty understanding as well as a difficult time speaking. Note: severity of language loss will be different among people.

13. A speech-language pathologist can help your loved one. There are devices that can be used to help you loved one communicate. http://worldaphasia.blogspot.com/2009/04/smalltalk -for-aphasia-smalltalk-for.html For more information visit: http://www.dynavoxtech.com/products/ma estro/

14. Most importantly, remember that your loved one is still the same person. Ask them yes/no questions instead of open-ended questions. Talk slowly when speaking to them. Give them plenty of time to respond to questions or comments. Encourage speech and independence.

15. Brain basics: Preventing stroke (2011). National institute of neurological disorders and stroke. Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/preventing_stroke.htm Chapey, R. (2008). Language Intervention Strategies in Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Communication Disorders (5th edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Kugel, C. & Cafarelli, V. (Directors). (2009) It’s still me! [motion picture]. United States: Buzzco Associates, inc. LaPointe, L. (2005). Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Language Disorders (3rd edition). New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.