1. First Period
Analogies

2. Lesson Goals Define antonym and synonym.
Recognize pairs of words as antonyms or synonyms.
Apply your knowledge to complete analogies using synonyms and antonyms.

3. SPIs Review 3rd Grade SPI 4th Grade SPIs
SPI Select appropriate synonyms and antonyms within context.
4th Grade SPIs
SPI Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms, and homonyms within context.
SPI Choose a logical word to complete an analogy using synonyms and antonyms.
Prerequisite for 5th Grade SPI
SPI Select a logical word to complete an analogy using synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, categories, and subcategories.

4. Assessment
At the end of this lesson, you will be given a multiple choice quiz taken from the TCAP practice and sample items in which you must complete analogies.
Throughout the year, we will review analogies through:
Morning Review
Comprehension Reading Quizzes
TCAP Coach
Limelight Test

5. What are analogies and why are they used?
Essential Questions
What are analogies and why are they used?

6. The Lesson
Today we will complete three activities with analogies including:
Review synonyms and antonyms using response cards and dry erase boards.
Play the game “Kick Me”.
Group Choice Writing Activity:
Create a page for a Class Analogy Book in which the group creates and illustrates an analogy.
Write and illustrate a situation analogy.
Compose an analogy poem.

7. Hook
BrainPop

8. Real World
Analogies are an important part of learning vocabulary. Most standardized tests, including the TCAP, SAT, and ACT, use analogies to test vocabulary.

9. Real World You may discover new ways to use things (e.g.,
using a broomstick as a pretend horse) and make broader comparisons between things. This can
help expand your creativity.

10. Do you like solving crossword puzzles. Some newspapers combine the two
Do you like solving crossword puzzles? Some newspapers combine the two. Figuring out analogies is a fun form of entertainment.

11. Real World
Many writers use analogies in their essays to explain relationships. For example: Growing up is like learning to ride a bike. When you are very young you must have a lot of help from your parents, just like a beginning bike rider needs training wheels.

12. 4th Grade SPIs
SPI Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms, and homonyms within context. SPI Choose a logical word to complete an analogy using synonyms and antonyms.

13. Activity 1 - Review synonyms and antonyms.

14. Activity 1 - Review synonyms and antonyms.
opposites or antonyms
hero villain
same or synonyms
twin identical

15. Synonym
Synonyms are words that have the same or nearly the same meaning.
Example
scary
spooky
frightening
eerie

16. Antonym Antonyms are words with opposite meanings. Example
big - little

17. synonyms antonyms Response Cards Instructions
Determine if each pair of words are synonyms or antonyms. Use your response cards to show your answer.
synonyms
antonyms

18. early late
antonyms

19. smooth rough
antonyms

20. near close
synonyms

21. full empty
antonyms

22. large giant
synonyms

23. B Dry Erase Boards Instructions
Write A, B, or C on your dry erase board to answer the following questions. B

24. Which of the following is the antonym for invisible?
A. visible
B. transparent
C. outer
A. visible
B. transparent
C. outer

25. Which of the following is the synonym for crowded?
empty
deserted
packed
empty
deserted
packed

26. Which of the following is the antonym for uneasy?
anxious
nervous
comfortable
anxious
nervous
comfortable

27. Which of the following is the antonym for arrive?
depart
come
entry
depart
come
entry

28. Which of the following is the synonym for artificial?
A. real
B. man-made
C. natural
A. real
B. man-made
C. natural

29. Activity 2 - Analogies
Analogy is just a term that means "word relationships". Start by determining if the first pair of words are antonyms or synonyms. Then add a word that has the same relationship.

33. far antonyms Open is to closed as near is to ______ .
The pairs of words in this analogy are __________.
(synonyms, antonyms)
antonyms

34. cheerful synonyms Tired is to sleepy as happy is to ____________.
The pairs of words in this analogy are __________.
(synonyms, antonyms)
synonyms

35. slow antonyms On is to off as fast is to ____________.
The pairs of words in this analogy are __________.
(synonyms, antonyms)
antonyms

36. Analogies are sometimes formatted as follows: [word 1] : [word 2] : : [word 3] : [word 4] In this analogy format, : reads "is to" and : : reads "as" This means that sour : vinegary : : sweet : syrupy sour is to vinegary as sweet is to syrupy

37. You are the teacher.
Pretend you are the teacher. Turn to your partner and ask a question about this part of the lesson.

38. First Period
Kick Me Instructions
The “kick me” activity is based on the prank of placing a note on someone’s back that says, “kick me.” A word will be placed on each of your backs.

39. Kick Me Instructions
You will be given a list of analogies with one missing word. (Notice that the words used to form the analogies come from your vocabulary words in all subjects including: reading, math, science, and social studies.) You must analyze the relationship of the first pair of words, and then find the missing word on a classmate’s back. Even if you know a word that will make sense in the analogy, you must find the exact word on a classmate’s back before writing it on your sheet.

40. Kick Me Instructions Absolutely no kicking.
You may work individually or in pairs; however, you must find a partner quickly because you will have a time limit of 10 minutes to complete this activity.
Read the first rule of “Kick Me.”
Absolutely no kicking.

42. metamorphosis : change :: multiple :
Mercury : Venus :: icy :
metamorphosis : change :: multiple :
soft : loud :: slow :
predator : hunter :: large :
smart : intelligent :: sly :
dishonest : honest :: always :
Native American : American Indian :: ancient :
frontier : city :: add :
agree : disagree :: bottom :
industry : business :: argue :
guess : estimate :: huge :
tired : energetic :: sink :
freezing
times
quick
huge
sneaky
never
subtract
old
top
squabble
gigantic
float

43. windy : calm :: freedom : economy : financial system :: fast :
unusual : odd :: take away :
happy : unhappy ::
soaked :
friend : enemy ::
bright :
remember : forget::
illness :
delicious : yummy ::
draw :
multiply : divide ::
need :
Cherokee :Creek ::
Aztec :
Columbus : explorer ::
Quaker :
control
speedy
subtract
dry
dim
sickness
sketch
want
Mayan
colonist

44. 4th Grade SPIs
SPI Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms, and homonyms within context.
SPI Choose a logical word to complete an analogy using synonyms and antonyms.

45. First Period
Activity 3 - Groups
In a moment you will work in groups of four to create your own analogy. Groups will be given three choices of activities.
When you reach your group you must set group goals by:
Voting on the activity you wish to complete.
Assigning activity parts to each person in the group. (Note, this is not group roles, but who will complete each task.)

46. Activity 3 - Groups Remember your Group Roles
Leader (Gets the group started on assignments.)
Reporter (Reports to the class.)
Recorder (Writes down information.)
Timekeeper (Reminds members of the time.)

47. Choice 1 – Creative Thinking Create a Page for a Class Analogy Book
The group leader will ask the group to decide if the group wants the word pairs to be synonyms or antonyms. The recorder must write down the analogy for the group to refer to during this activity. Each member of the group will complete one page. You will share these with the class when finished. The reporter will organize how the group will share their analogy. The timekeeper will make sure the assignment is completed within the 15 minute time limit.
down up
frown
smile

48. Good Examples
magic
enchanted
feline
cat
many
mountain
valley
few

49. Use your pinch card to show which analogy is better.
inspector
detective
teacher
professor go
car
world
earth

50. Choice 2 – Practical Thinking Write and illustrate a situation analogy.
Create your analogy, using "like" to connect the two situations. Example After taking that test, I feel like a prisoner strapped into an electric chair waiting for the pardon to arrive. Be specific about the similarities between the situations or things.

51. Group Roles
The group leader will ask for ideas from the other group members of situations they have experienced that caused strong feelings. The recorder must write down the best ideas. The leader will organize a vote to determine which situation the group wants to use for the finished product. The reporter will bring the idea to the teacher to type the sentence. If time allows, group members will find clipart to illustrate the analogy. The timekeeper will make sure the assignment is completed within the 15 minute time limit.

52. Good Examples
Writing the research paper was like sky diving from Grandfather Mountain.
Traveling on the school bus to Abingdon was like riding on a sailboat during a hurricane.

53. Use your pinch card to show which analogy is better.
The cautious student was slowly going through the work like a toddler taking his first steps.
What goes up must come down like the stock market.

54. Choice 3 – Creative Thinking Write an analogy poem.
An Analogy Poem Ill is to sick as shiny is to glitter. Occupation is to job as cold is to bitter.

55. Choice 3 – Creative Thinking Good Examples
In is to out as up is to down. Large is to huge as city is town. Laugh is to cry as smile is to frown. Left is to right as hat is to crown.

56. Group Roles
The group leader will encourage each group member to create one verse (containing at least 2 lines) for a group poem. The recorder will bring the completed verses to be typed. The reporter will organize how the poem will be shared with the class. The timekeeper will make sure the assignment is completed within the 15 minute time limit. (Note, if time allows you may illustrate the poem.)

57. Use your pinch card to show which analogy poem is better.
My Analogy Poem
Black is to white as tic is to tack.
Up is to down as front is to back.
The Right Analogy Poem Dirty is to filthy as day is to night.
Brother is to sister as left is to right Yes is to no as dark is to light.
Wrong to right as peace is to fight.

58. You will have 15 minutes to complete this activity.

59. Homework
Create four analogies to share with the class. Write one analogy using vocabulary words from each subject.
Reading and English
Math
Science
Social Studies

60. Quiz

61. 1

62. 2.
You may have seen a talking parrot on a TV show, in a movie, or even in someone’s home. The parrot has learned to copy sounds that people make. Birds are not the only animals that can copy the noises they hear. Dolphins, bats, and some apes also mimic sounds. Now we can add elephants to this list of copycats.

63. First Period 3

64. 4

65. 5 Winter at the North Pole
Winter at the North Pole is cold and dark. This part of Earth is tilted away from the sun during the winter, so it doesn’t get much sunlight. In October, the last edge of rays from the sun disappears below the horizon. Then the area is left in full darkness until springtime.

66. There are many times I’d like to go buy new books, but I don’t have a lot of money to spend on them. Wouldn’t it be great to swap books right here in our community? Volunteers will organize the donated books. Then the books will be displayed on tables at the community center. Everyone will be able to browse and hopefully find the perfect book. Students and adults will be allowed to choose up to two books during each day of the swap. Our plan is to have the book swap the first Saturday of every month. 6

67. 4th Grade SPIs
SPI Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms, and homonyms within context. SPI Choose a logical word to complete an analogy using synonyms and antonyms.

68. Reflection Answer these questions in complete sentences.
What is an analogy?
Name one way understanding analogies will help you in your life.
Read your reflection to your partner.