1. A Comparative Phytochemical and Physicochemical Evaluation: Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti
Sujatha Hewageegana Menuka Arawwawala Anurakumara Tissera Sami Ariyawansa Induragare Dammaratana

2. Introduction
Objectives
Materials and Methods
Results
Conclusion

3. Introduction Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna (Behet anguna)
Both come under one botanical name -
Wattakaka volubilis (Linn.f)
Family: Asclepiadaceae
Both creepers are large twining shrubs, with long glabrous branches, Leaves thin, ovate
1. Bitter variety
2. Sweet variety

4. Wattakaka volubilis
Tikta anguna
Kiri anguna (Behet anguna)

5. Leaves, roots and tender stalks are used
Parts Used:
Leaves, roots and tender stalks are used
Actions and common uses:
Leaves are used for boils and abscesses as an application
Roots and tender stalks are used for expectorant properties in Ayurveda and traditional medicine
Lactogenic
Aphrodisiac
Sweet variety –cooling and Tonic

6. Jeewanti Leptadenia reticulate (Retz) Wight and Arn.
Family : Asclepiadaceae
A much - branched twining shrub, branches numerous and younger ones glabrous, Leaves thin, ovate

7. L. reticulate Parts Used: Both roots and leaves
Actions and common uses:
Both roots and leaves - Skin infections, wounds
Leaves - cough, as a respiratory stimulant,
Lactogenic
Aphrodisiac
Cooling and Tonic

8. Research background : Ayurvedic texts contain lot of simple and effective as well as both externally and internally used medicinal preparations, containing Jeewanti (L. reticulata) Jeewanti is found in most parts of India, but it is not available in Sri Lanka We had to find a most suitable substitute for Jeewanti

9. According to literature survey and the conversation with Senior Scientist in charge, Haldummulla Research Gardens, we were able to find morphologically, nearly similar two plants (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) for Jeewanti
In addition, they have similar practices for disease conditions

10. Comparison of the Two plants L. reticulate and W. volubilis
Family
Asclepiadaceae
Classical names
Jivanti, Svarnajivanti, Tittajivanti
Hemajivanti, Sujivanti, Svarnajivantika
Morphology
Many similarities
Common uses
Skin ailments
Respiratory tract infections
ENT disorders
Lactogenic
Burning sensation
Antipyretic
Use for poisoning
Aphrodisiac
Increase urination

11. Purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna as substitutes for Jeewanti

12. Objectives To compare the phytochemical parameters of
W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and
L. reticulata (Jeewanti)
To compare the physicochemical parameters of
To compare the fingerprint profiles of W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna) and L. reticulata (Jeewanti)

13. Materials and Methods
W. volubilis (both varieties) were collected from Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authentication was done by Scientist , Botany Division, BMARI, Navinna, Maharagama
Voucher specimen No : W 2561
L. reticulata was collected from Jamnagar, India
Authentication was done by Botanist, Vidyaratnam Foundation (Research and Development Section), Thrissur, Kerala, India, according to the standards of Ayurveda Pharmacopeia in India

14. Plant materials
Plant materials (leaves with tender stalk) were shade dried and cut into small pieces
Then prepared the powder using the grinder
Materials were kept in air tight containers until used

15. Screening of Phytochemical compounds
Presence /Absence of
Phenolic compounds Flavanoids
Tannins
Coumarins
Alkaloids
Saponins
Steroid glycosides

16. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated according to WHO standards
Determination of physicochemical parameters
Physicochemical parameters were evaluated according to WHO standards
leMatter

17. Extractable matter in Hot Water Extract (HWE)
Hot Ethanol Extract (HEE)
Cold Water Extract (CWE)
Cold Ethanol Extract (CEE)
% Extractable mater = Weight of extract x 100
Weight of sample

18. 1. % Total ash = Ash Weight x 100
Ash Content :
1. % Total ash = Ash Weight x
Weight of sample
2. % Acid-insoluble ash = Acid insoluble Ash Weight x 100
3. % Water-soluble ash =
Total Ash Weight - water insoluble residue in total ash x 100

19. TLC fingerprint profiles of W. volubilis and L. reticulata
Extract - methanol extract
Plant material g
Extracts were spotted on a silica gel plate and TLC fingerprints were developed using
Dichloromethane: Ethyl acetate: Cyclohexane
(40:1:10 v/v/v)
Vanillin-sulphuric acid reagent was used for colour development

20. Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed by using Mann Whitney test and findings of p<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance
All data were presented as mean ± SEM
All the values were express as dry weight of the sample and they were performed in triplicate for accuracy

21. Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes
Results
Table 1 : Phytochemical classes of W. volubilis varities and L. reticulata
Phytochemical Classes
Presence or Absence of Phytochemicals Classes
Tikta-anguna
Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna)
Jeewanti
(HWE)
(HEE)
(CWE)
(CEE)
Phenolic compounds 
Saponins -
Flavanoids
Steroid glycosides
Tannins
Coumarin
Alkaloids

22. Screening of phytochemical compounds of
(a) cold and hot ethanol and water extracts of W. volubilis and
L. reticulata revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, and steroids
(b) cold and hot water extracts of W. volubilis and L. reticulata revealed the presence of saponins
(c) cold and hot ethanol and water extracts of L. reticulata and hot extracts of W. volubilis revealed the presence of coumarin
(d) In addition, hot water extract of W. volubilis contained flavanoids

23. Physico-chemical parameters W. Volubilis (%) - (Dry wt basis)
Table 2: Physicochemical parameters of Wattakaka volubilis and Leptadenia reticulata
Physico-chemical parameters
W. Volubilis (%) - (Dry wt basis)
L. Reticulata (%)
(Dry wt basis)
(Jeewanti)
Tikta anguna
Kiri anguna
(Behet anguna)
Hot water extractable matter
37.37± 0.56
31.67 ± 0.33
31.54 ± 0.46
Hot ethanol extractable matter
19.62± 0.10
3.36 ± 0.05
13.19 ±0.42*
Cold water extractable matter
7.99± 0.04
7.01± 0.28
5.99 ± 0.49
Cold ethanol extractable matter
1.55± 0.02
1.37 ± 0.05
6.34± 0.13*
Total ash content
11.80± 0.07
16.46± 0.11
16.63 ± 0.30*
Acid-insoluble ash Content
0.91± 0.02
0.81± 0.01
2.30 ± 0.02*
Water-soluble ash Content
5.76± 0.21
6.11 ± 0.06
6.13 ± 0.03

24. Following three physicochemical parameters of Jeewanti
were significantly different from that of Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna
1. Hot and Cold Ethanol Extractable matter
2. Total ash Content
3. Acid-insoluble ash Content

25. 3. TLC fingerprint profiles of Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti
2µL µL µL
2µL µL µL
Wave length – at 254 nm
After spraying
Vanillin -sulphuric acid
L. reticulata (Jeewanti )
2. W. volubilis (Kiri-anguna)
3. W. volubilis (Tikta-anguna)

26. TLC- densitogram fingerprint of Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti, at 254 nm
Red – Tikta anguna (W. volubilis) Blue – Kiri anguna (W. volubilis) Green – Jeewanti (L. reticulata)

27. According to TLC fingerprints of
Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti, similar compounds were identified in three samples

28. According to the results of this study, phytochemical parameters, physicochemical parameters and fingerprint profiles of Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna have very similar properties and they are similar to Jeewanti also

29. conclusions
As this study reveals, Tikta-anguna, Kiri-anguna and Jeewanti have more similarities in terms of phytochemical parameters, physicochemical parameters and fingerprint profiles
Therefore, both Tikta-anguna and Kiri-anguna can be used as substitutes for Jeewanti in ayurvedic preparations

30. According to traditional medicine, Kiri-anguna (Behet-anguna) is commonly used for medicinal preparations
Further, Kiri-anguna (behet-anguna) can be considered as the “sweet variety” of W. volubilis and it has similar properties such as GUNA (Quality), RASA (Taste), VIPAK (Metabolism), VIRYA (Potency), PRABHAV (Impact) to Jeewanti
After considering all, we can conclude that kiri-anguna (behet-anguna) is much better to use as a substitute for Jeewanti

31. References
Parangepe, P., Indian medicinal Plants, 2005, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Delhi.pp
Jayaweera, D.M.A., Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) Used in Ceylon, 2006, The National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, pp 225
Kirtikar, K. R., Basu, B. D., Indian Medicinal Plants- volume III, 1996,Valley offset printers and publishers, Dehra Dun, pp
Senaratna, L. K., A Check List of Flowering Plants of Sri Lanka, 2001, The National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka, pp 46
Sharma, P.C., Yelne, M.B., Dennis, T.J., Database on Medicinal plants used in Ayurveda, 2002, Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha, New Delhi. Pp

32. Acknowledgement
Mr Piyal Marasingha – Senior scientist , Dept of Ayurveda
Dr. Sudeesh Kumar and the Vidyaratnam Foundation (Research and Development Section), Thrissur, Kerala, India
Industrial Technology Institute
National Centre for Advanced Studies for Humanities and Social Sciences (NCAS)

33. Thank you

34. Jeewanti Tikta-anguna Kiri-anguna (Bitter verity) (Sweet verity)
Rasa Madhura Katu, Tikta Madhura
Guna Laghu, Snigdha Ruksha, Laghu Laghu, ……
Veerya sheeta Ushna Sheeta
Vipaka Madhura Katu Madhura
Prabhawa Jivniya