1. EPS Autumn 2012 Energy Village Project members: Rudy Chambon Vincent Fulcheri Kristian Granqvist Xavier Agustí Sánchez Miguel Angel Huerta Arocas

2. Table of contents Introduction Project overview Komossa Building classification Energy sources Wind energy Solar energy Biomass Geothermal Insulation Conclusion EPS 2012 Energy Village 2

3. Introduction Vincent Fulcheri France Miguel Angel Huerta Arocas Spain Xavier Agustí Sanchez Spain Kristian Granqvist Finland Rudy Chambon The Netherlands EPS 2012 Energy Village 3

4. Project overview Name: Energy Village Duration: 4 th September 2012 – 17 th December 2012 Location: Komossa Given goal: “Make a plan to provide Komossa with renewable energy in a self-sufficient way” Supervisors: Niklas Frände and Roger Nylund EPS 2012 Energy Village 4 Own picture

5. Komossa EPS 2012 Energy Village 5 Location: 60 km of Vaasa Municipality of Vörå Ostrobothnian region Area: 28 km² Population: 120 people in 45 houses Total consumption: 1 286 kWh Hill Hoppamäki Own picture http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2 9/V%C3%B6yri.sijainti.suomi.2011.svg

6. Building classification SmallMediumLarge Surface < 120 m²120 – 200 m²> 200 m² Electricity usage 2000 – 5000 kWh5000 – 10.000 kWh> 10.000 kWh Heating usage 5000 – 10.000 kWh15000 – 30.000 kWh> 30.000 kWh Types of buildings One-family houses Block of flats Two-family houses Other buildings Animal farms Fur farms Percentage 48 %36 %16 % EPS 2012 Energy Village 6 Own graph Own table

7. Wind Energy - General Information Wind power is in the interest of the village Several ways of wind power that can provide Komossa with green energy: Classic big wind turbine Small wind turbine Wind power has the highest energy potential in Komossa Also in the rest of Finland wind power is a good solution What is a wind turbine? EPS 2012 Energy Village 7

8. Wind Energy - Energy Potential Two studies Aim : Confirm the wind potential Get more details about wind conditions Finnish Wind Atlas Wind speed Icing parameters Weibull parameters Installation of a wind sensor On a 13 m elevation EPS 2012 Energy Village 8 Own picture

9. Wind Energy - Costs and Payback Big wind turbines Total electricity use in Komossa : 1 286 MWh/year Information about the turbine: Annual production : 1 570 MWh/year Lifetime ≈ 20 years EPS 2012 Energy Village 9 Investment cost955 000 € Maintenance377 000 € Total expense1 332 000 € Subsidies64 400 € /year Cost generated by the WP125 600 € /year Total gain190 000 € /year Payback time Total expense/ Total gain 7 years benoithamon.fr Own table

10. Wind Energy - Costs and Payback Small wind turbines Capacity of production EPS 2012 Energy Village 10 UsersSmallMediumLarge Electricity used100% Heating used65%0% Investment cost20 000 € Annual energy savings 80 % Payback time≈ 11 years Small Users Investment cost16 000 € Annual energy cost savings 1 450 € Payback time< 14 years Medium Users - Electricity Investment cost35 000 € Annual energy cost savings 3 150 € Payback time< 14 years Medium Users- Electricy & Heating Investment cost24 500 € Annual energy cost savings 4 350 € Payback time< 9 years Large Users Own table

11. Wind Energy - Conclusion Big wind turbines Wind speed is very high and the payback time is short Investment costs seem too high for a village of 120 inhabitants This project is preferred to be done on a regional scale Small wind turbines Small users: Best option 48% of houses in Komossa Good payback time 80% energy saving Medium and large users: Preferable to use heating systems Electricity is only ¼ of the total consumption Biomass & Geothermal seem cheaper A study of wind speed at a low elevation needs to be done EPS 2012 Energy Village 11

12. Solar energy - General Information Few years ago solar energy was only in warm zones in the south. Now with new technologies it is also possible to install it in colder areas Factors affecting the solar energy: Month of the year Solar irradiance Useful daylight hours Temperature 12 EPS 2012 Energy Village Own http://www.kalipedia.com/

13. Solar energy - Energy Potential Solar Panels Used to generate electricity Installation is isolated from the net The energy produced is stored in batteries It oversized the installation in order to have days of autonomy Sized for an average user Not suitable to install Solar Collectors Used to heat fluids Installation with a large number of components Different installation configurations Hot water is stored in a storage tank Has an energy support system Sized for 3 different types of users Suitable to install 13 EPS 2012 Energy Village http://www.mebtotal.co.uk/ http://www.google.com/patents/EP1450109B1?cl=en

14. Solar energy - Production and Compsuption 14 EPS 2012 Energy Village Own

15. Solar energy - Costs and Payback Investment cost26000-24000 € Annual energy cost savings 1300 € Payback time15-16 years Investment cost12000 -13000 € Annual energy cost savings 850 € Payback time13 -14 years Investment cost11000-12000 € Annual energy cost savings 450 € Payback time16 -17 years Medium User Small User Large User Solar Collector Investment cost13000-14000 € Annual energy cost savings 570 € Payback time20 -22 years Solar Panels Average User 15 EPS 2012 Energy Village http://www.measuredmarketing.us

16. Solar energy - Conclusion Solar collectors are able to cover the needs imposed. The best efficiency is to medium users installations. Solar panels are not suitable for one household. Good for summer cottages. Solar energy will have more efficiency in future. 16 EPS 2012 Energy Village http://permaculturenews.org/

17. Biomass - General Information EPS 2012 Energy Village Finland is one of the world’s leading countries in biomass energy Biomass can be used directly (direct combustion), or converted to different types of fuels: bio fuels or biogas Today, wood is the main source of biomass energy Wood is an existing energy source in Komossa, existing technology and experience Large potential to use more wood for energy production https://www.metsamaailma.fihttp://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puupolttoaine 17

18. Biomass - Energy Potential EPS 2012 Energy Village Type Growth / year AreaEnergy Theoretical potential / area / year Total / year Wood5,6 m 3 /ha 500 ha 2,1 MWh/m 3 11,8 MWh/ha6000 MWh Reed canary grass 4 - 5 ton/ha 400 ha 4 MWh/ton16 - 20 MWh/ha6400 - 8000 MWh Industrial Hemp 6 - 10 ton/ha 400 ha 4,8 MWh/ton 30 - 50 MWh/ha 12 000 - 20 000 MWh Salix7 - 10 ton/ha 400 ha 5,0 MWh/ton 35 - 50 MWh/ha 14 000 - 20 000 MWh Straw3 - 4 ton/ha 400 ha 4,8 MWh/ton 14 - 19 MWh/ha5 600 - 7600 MWh 18 Own table

19. Biomass - Investment costs EPS 2012 Energy Village The investment costs for three common heating systems have been calculated for the three different energy user groups: 19 Own graph

20. Biomass - Payback calculations EPS 2012 Energy Village 20 Example: Medium energy user, 30 000 kWh / year for heating Upgrading from existing oil heating system Today's fuel/energy prizes, interest rate: 4% used in calculations FirewoodWood pelletsWood chipsOil heating Total investment costs60001050018300-€ Annual Costs1100170010004500€ Annual savings340029003500-€ Payback time51310-Years

21. Biomass - Conclusion EPS 2012 Energy Village Wood fuels: a good energy alternative for Komossa Generally makes a good economical heating solution Rising energy prices may make biomass fuels an even more important economical solution in the future Many different factors to consider when changing or building new heating system Firewood heating systems: relatively low investment costs, low fuel cost and short payback time Wood pellet and wood chips: good automatic systems, larger investment costs, economical if the heating need is large enough 21

22. Geothermal energy – General info How it works Heat extraction as steam, hot water or energy stored from the ground Common uses Electricity production Direct use ( Hot water ) Heat pumps Common installations Boreholes Horizontal EPS 2012 Energy Village 22 geothermalmo ntana.com

23. Geothermal energy - Potential Able to produce more than 4 times the heating production as electricity consumption The electricity bill can be reduced minimum 75% Finland is a cold country also in the ground. That is the reason why the borehole is deeper than other countries EPS 2012 Energy Village 23 geothermalheatingandcoolingreview.com

24. Geothermal energy – Investment costs Price of the most important elements  Heat Pump Small (6kW) ~ 5,200€ Medium (14kW) ~ 6,800€ Large (20kW) ~ 7,000€  Cost of the installation  Vertical Drilling costs = 35€/m  Horizontal Is needed a surface between 1.5 and 2 times the surface to be heated Trenching cost = 17€/m2 Piping = 6.2€/m EPS 2012 Energy Village 24

25. Geothermal energy – Costs and payback The geothermal solutions for the users in Komossa are as the follows:  Horizontal  Borehole EPS 2012 Energy Village 25 Investment costs Life cyclePayback time Small user7,8oo €25 years11 years Medium user 10,600 €25 years6 years Big user22,ooo €25 years9 years Investment costs Life cyclePayback time Small user9,5oo €25 years15 years Medium user 16,800 €25 years11 years Big user31,3ooo €25 years13 years Own table

26. Geothermal energy - Conclusion Good points Very few maintenance Short installation time Uninterrupted heating production No space needed to store the fuel Bad points Needs a power supplier to work Surface needs to install horizontal geothermal engine The heating distribution may change EPS 2012 Energy Village 26

27. Insulation - General information Easy way to save energy and money 3 possible insulation types Creates a healthier living environment Helps the environment Passive house 10 times more energy efficient No extra heating is needed EPS 2012 Energy Village 27 http://www.lowenergyhouse.com/

28. Insulation - Energy savings Window insulation € 45 /m²/year 20 m² of window Total savings: € 900 /year Cavity wall insulation € 13.5 /m²/year 160 m² of wall Total savings: € 2100 /year Ceiling insulation € 12 /m²/year 140 m² of roof Total savings: € 1700 /year EPS 2012 Energy Village 28 http://blog.darlingsofchelsea.co.uk/

29. Insulation - Investment costs Window insulation € 150 /m² Total investment € 3000 Cavity wall insulation € 27 /m² Total investment € 4300 Ceiling insulation € 26 /m² Total investment € 3700 EPS 2012 Energy Village 29 http://www.cpa.state.tx.us/

30. Insulation – Payback time Per year:Window:Cavity wall:Ceiling:Total: Surface20 m²160 m²140 m²320 m² Saving per m²€45€13.5€12€70.5 Total saving per house€900€2100€1700€4700 Investment per m²€150€27€26€203 Total investment per house€3000€4300€3700€11000 Payback time3 years 5 months 2 years 2 months 2 years 3 months 2 years 6 months EPS 2012 Energy Village 30 Own table Payback time calculation: Investment costs include labor and material costs Yearly interest of 4%

31. Insulation - Conclusion Easy to install (DIY) Applicable to all houses High investment costs High savings per year Relatively low payback time EPS 2012 Energy Village 31 http://4.bp.blogspot.com/

32. General conclusion – Small users Electricity and heatInvestment costsLife cyclePayback time Wind Power + Boiler + Installation 21.000 €20 - 25 years8 – 11 years HeatInvestment costsLife cyclePayback time Biomass Firewood4.000 – 5.000 €30 years6 – 20 years Biomass Wood Pellets6.000 – 7.000 €15 – 25 years17 + years Biomass Wood Chips10.000 – 15.000 €15 – 25 years17 + years Solar Collectors11.000 – 12.000 €25-30 years16 – 17 years Geothermal Horizontal8.000 €25 years11 years Geothermal Vertical9.500 €25 years15 years EPS 2012 Energy Village 32 Wind power is the best solution to cover the electricity and heating needs Firewood is the best solution for heating only

33. General conclusion – Medium users ElectricityInvestment costsLife cyclePayback time Wind Power16.000 €20 - 25 years≈ 14 years Electricity and heatInvestment costsLife cyclePayback time Wind Power35.000 €20 - 25 years≈ 14 years HeatInvestment costsLife cyclePayback time Biomass Firewood6.000 – 7.000 €≈ 30 years5 – 8 years Biomass Wood Pellets≈ 10.000 €20 – 25 years13 + years Biomass Wood Chips16.000 – 19.000 €20 – 25 years10 – 20 years Solar Collectors15.000 – 16.000 €25 – 30 years13 – 14 years Geothermal Horizontal 11.000 €25 years6 years Geothermal Vertical17.000 €25 years11 years EPS 2012 Energy Village 33 The biomass firewood boiler and the geothermal installation are good options for heating Wind power is not a good solution to generate electricity for medium users

34. General conclusion – Large users EPS 2012 Energy Village 34 ElectricityInvestment costsLife cyclePayback time Wind Power24.500 €20 - 25 years≈ 9 years HeatInvestment costsLife cyclePayback time Biomass Firewood9.000 – 10.000 €≈ 30 years4 – 6 years Biomass Wood Pellets≈ 15.000 €20 – 25 years9 – 18 years Biomass Wood Chips≈ 25.000 €20 – 25 years7 – 15 years Solar Collectors24.000 – 26.000 €25 – 30 years15 – 16 years Geothermal Horizontal22.000 €25 years9 years Geothermal Vertical31.000 €25 years13 years Wind power is a good solution if the user has an existing heating system If not it is preferable to choose another heating system Biomass firewood is the best solution for heating only

35. Thank you for your attention We welcome your questions and suggestions EPS 2012 Energy Village 35 http://www.bhmpics.com