1. Broadband & Next Gen Technology BY: PAUL RATTANASAWASD

2. Introduction This presentation will divided into two different sections: 1.The importance of Broadband Policy in productivity growth and social and governmental progress. 2.Emerging Networked Computational Technologies.

3. The importance of Broadband Policy in productivity growth and social and governmental progress. Communication technology can play in boosting national productivity and raising living standards, governments in the European Union and North America are encouraging the development of broadband access throughout their jurisdictions. Also known as high-speed Internet access, broadband access promises to impact productivity growth in the 21st century as forcefully as the telephone did in the 20th century.

4. What is Broadband ? Broadband refers to the capacity to deliver high speed Internet access. Organizations can use a variety of technologies to offer broadband services—cable modems, digital subscriber telephone lines (DSL), wireless, satellite, fiber-optic cable to the home— but all share the capability to deliver large amounts of data. Consequently, broadband lends itself to data-intensive applications such as real-time video and audio, voice over IP (VoIP),videoconferencing, and large-file downloads.

5. Benefits of Broadband 1.Boosting Business Productivity: Broadband system is able to create Internet business solutions (IBSs). Internet business solutions are defined as initiatives that combine the Internet with networking, software, and computing hardware technologies to enhance or improve existing business processes or create new business opportunities. Early Internet business solutions included customer service and support and e-marketing and e-commerce applications. Future IBS investment will target back-office functions such as supply chain management, finance, and human resources.

6. Benefits of Broadband (Cont’d) 2.Employee Efficiency: DSL Internet access service makes employees more efficient. Fast connections allow businesses to save time, money and operation cost. Some of the efficiency-enhancing applications include online selling and purchasing, order and shipment status monitoring, and workforce collaboration. 3.Teleworking and Mobile Access: Teleworkers and mobile workers benefit by accessing corporate applications while at home or on the road. Even business travelers at airports are enjoying productivity thanks to broadband system.

7. Benefits of Broadband (Cont’d) 4.Improved Partner Networks: Good Broadband connection allows small businesses to deal with larger corporations that handle purchasing, payment, and other transactions executively online. 5.Education: Broadband allows teachers to incorporate Internet content into their lesson plans. Without Broadband Internet access, teachers and students end up waiting for content to download. Students lose interest. By delivering content quickly, however, broadband allows teachers to capitalize on the Web as an educational resource. Broadband also enables teachers to bring real-time audio and video into their classrooms.

8. Benefits of Broadband (Cont’d) 6.Healthcare: Broadband can improve the efficiency of healthcare itself. For instance, broadband can save time for busy consultant physicians. Broadband also extend opportunity to patients in remote regions and in so doing offer improved healthcare no matter where patients live. 7.Entertainment: Video Streaming, web surfing, online shopping, music and video download, etc…

9. Government Broadband Policies 1.Use regulation strategically and sparingly: Policymakers need to create a regulatory environment that encourages investment, rewards innovation and risk, and produces competition. Regulations that deter the development of broadband applications and services will greatly impede the growth of broadband networks. 2.Make broadband a national priority: Governments must commit to implementing broadband and set ambitious goals. 3.Explore partnerships models: A successful broadband program requires the cooperation and participation of numerous players: governments, service providers, equipment and application endors, private enterprises, and public institutions.

10. Government Broadband Policies (Cont’d) 4. Streamline intergovernmental rules and processes: Federal, regional, and municipal governments must work together to encourage broadband investment. Companies willing to invest in a high-speed network should be able to access rights of way without excessive regulation, fees, or red tape. 5. Provide incentives to bring broadband to rural areas: Even in a regulatory environment that hastens broadband deployment, some segments of the population, including rural residents, will not have broadband access. Establishing investment incentives to encourage broadband deployment in these underserved communities is important.

11. Government Broadband Policies (Cont’d) 6. Lead by example and deploy e-government processes: Governments that embrace e-government processes not only improve their own efficiency but also illustrate to the public and to businesses some of the advantages that broadband offers.

12. Overview of Emerging Networked Computational Technologies  The Grid is more than a network connecting all those resources. It depends on middleware, or a collection of software that manages things like resource reservation and allocation, authentication of users and processes, accounting, directing traffic, and security.  Middleware derives from its residing somewhere between the protocols that make the network work and the applications that the users employ.

13. Two Types of Network  Circuit-based Network: Like planning a vacation trip in advance, with airlines, rental cars hotel reservations, and road maps.  Packet-based Network: like driving to California by going until you need gas, and asking each time “which way am I suppose to go?”  The internet is packet-based, but runs over circuits, just like cars drive on roads.  But sometimes, you need a truck or train to move large quantity of information at once.

14. Circuit Based Network  In science and engineering, the data often occur in truckloads, very last bursts.  We can sum billions of packets of data together, just like loading a thousand new cars on a long train for shipment to dealers instead of driving each and ever car.  This saves each packet information and also making sure each and every information data will arrive at its destination.

15. Dark Fiber  Is a privately operated optical fiber network that is run directly by its operator over dark fiber leased or purchased from another supplier, rather than by purchasing bandwidth or leased line capacity. Dark fiber networks may be used for private networking, or as Internet access or Internet infrastructure networking.  Dark fiber is like empty water pipe with not water pump to make the water flow.  EVL is needed for optical and electronic pumps and faucets.  I-WIRE is a $7.5M State-funded project (State of Illinois)

16. Chicago as a world hub in exploring new optical network.  The City of Chicago has provided optical fiber to link UIC, Northwestern University, the Starlight international optical networking exchange (at 710 North Lakeshore Drive on the Northwestern Campus) and Canada’s very advanced CA*net4 research network for additional networking research and development.  A test bed for all-optical switching and advanced high-speed services.

17. Lambda  Over the last decade technologists learned that they could increase the amount of information that could be sent along an optical fiber by shining multiple colors, or wavelengths of light. Now it is not uncommon to employ 60 or 100 distinct wavelengths, or lambdas, to increase the carrying capacity by a factor of 60 or 100, each lambda’s being independent of the others and therefore acting as if it were a separate pipe. So, optical switching switches individual lambdas, each of which can carry 2.4 or 10 Gbps of data.

18. OptiPuter  the OptiPuter is like a huge desktop computer whose various pieces could, in principle, be distributed all over the world. One of the objectives will be to “tune” all the parts so that they will work smoothly together.  The OptIPuter can be seen as a "virtual" parallel computer in which the individual "processors" are widely distributed clusters; the backbone network is provided by IP delivered over multiple dedicated lambdas (each 1-10 Gbps); and, the "mass storage systems" are large distributed scientific data repositories, fed by scientific instruments as near-real-time peripheral devices.

19. Cyberinfrastructure  Cyberinfrastructure consists of computing systems, data storage systems, advanced instruments and data repositories, visualization environments, and people, all linked by high speed networks to make possible scholarly innovation and discoveries not otherwise possible. Cyberinfrastructure is a term first used by the US National Science Foundation (NSF), and it typically is used to refer to information technology systems that provide particularly powerful and advanced capabilities.