1. Chapter 15 Environmental pollution control
15.1 The goal of environmental pollution control
15.2 The types of environmental pollution control
15.3 The comprehensive treatment measures of environmental pollution
15.4 Case study

2. 15.1 The goal of environmental pollution control
Environmental pollution and its characteristics
Generally speaking,environmental pollutants is in lower concentration and long duration
Environmental pollutants can be changed by the biological or chemical effect in environment
The goal of environmental pollution control
Prevent pollutants going to water, atmosphere and soil system
Restore the use function of natural ecosystem

3. 15.2 The types of environmental pollution control
 Concentration control and total amount control
Terminal control and process control
Decentralized control and centralized control

4. 15.3 The comprehensive prevention and control measures of environmental pollution
Water environmental pollution control
The principle and countermeasures of water pollution comprehensive prevention and control
(2) Basic methods of water pollution control
Physical method, chemical method, physicochemical method and biological treatment method
(3) Wastewater reclamation

5. Figure 15－1 The classification method of sewage biological treatment
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Under natural
conditions
Water self
purification
Under artificially
Soil
Suspended growth
Adnate growth
Natural water and
oxidation ponds
Wastewater
irrigation
Activated sludge
and its deformation
Biological filter, Rotating biological contactor,
Contact oxidation, Aerobic biological fluidized blanket
High-temperature compost
Anaerobic pond
Septic tank, Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
Anaerobic digester
Anaerobic biological fluidized blanket
生物处理
好氧处理
自然条件下
水体自净
天然水体及氧化塘
土壤净化
污水灌溉
人工条件下
悬浮生长型
活性污泥及其变形
固着生长型
生物滤池
生物转盘
接触氧化法
好痒生物流化床
厌氧处理
高温堆肥
厌氧塘
化粪池
上流式厌氧污泥床
厌氧消化池
厌氧滤池
厌氧生物流化床
Biological treatment
Aerobic treatment
Under natural conditions
Water self purification
Natural water and oxidation ponds
Soil purification
Wastewater irrigation
Under artificially conditions
Suspended growth
Activated sludge and its deformation
Adnate growth
Biological filter
Rotating biological contactor
Contact oxidation
Aerobic biological fluidized blanket
Anaerobic treatment
High-temperature compost
Anaerobic pond
Septic tank
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket
Anaerobic digester
Anaerobic filter
Anaerobic biological fluidized blanket
Figure 15－1 The classification method of sewage biological treatment

6. Figure 15－2 Basic process of activated sludge process
Backflow sludge
Surplus sludge
water-exit
water inflow
air
primary settling tank
secondary sedimentation tank
aeration tank 进水
初沉池
曝气池
二沉池 出水 空气
回流污泥
剩余污泥
water inflow
primary settling tank
aeration tank
secondary sedimentation tank
water-exit
air
Backflow sludge
Surplus sludge
Figure 15－2 Basic process of activated sludge process

7. Figure 15－3 Land treatment system of waste water蒸发 蒸腾
灌入污水 作物
可变的斜坡 根区
下土层 慢速
深度过滤
evaporation
transpiration
inject the sewage
crops
Variable slope
Root zone
Under-soil
slow
Depth filtration
Figure 15－3 Land treatment system of waste water

8. (4) The treatment process of waste water
The main task of primary treatment is to remove suspended solids in sewage, adjust pH valve, reduce the task of subsequent treatment
The task of secondary treatment is to remove the dissolved and colloidal organic pollutants significantly. It is maily used biological method.
The purpose of tertiary treatment is to further remove the pollutants which are not removed in secondary treatment.

9. wastewater
Primary treatment
Primary sludge
treatment or use
Surplus sludge
grille
Sediment
ation tank
Grit
chamber
Biological aeration
pool or biological
filter
Second sedimentation
tank
Chemistry, adsorption, ion exchange,
disinfection, equipment
Secondary treatment outlet
(emissions, irrigation)
Primary treatment outlet
tertiary treatment outlet
(emissions, reoccupy)
Sludge
digestion pool
Backflow sludge
dewatering
secondary treatment
tertiary treatment 废水 格栅
一级处理
沉沙池
沉淀池
二级处理
生物曝气池或生物滤池
二次沉淀池
三级处理
化学、吸附、离子交换、消毒等设备
初沉污泥
一级处理出水（排放、灌溉）
回流污泥
剩余污泥
二级处理出水（排放、灌溉）
三级处理出水（排放、再用）
污泥消化池
污泥脱水
处理或利用
wastewater
grille
Primary treatment
grit chamber
sedimentation tank
secondary treatment
Biological aeration pool or biological filter
Second sedimentation tank
tertiary treatment
Chemistry, adsorption, ion exchange, disinfection, equipment
Primary sludge
Primary treatment outlet (emissions, irrigation)
Backflow sludge
Surplus sludge
Secondary treatment outlet (emissions, irrigation)
tertiary treatment outlet (emissions, reoccupy)
Sludge digestion pool
Sludge dewatering
treatment or use
Figure 15－4 Typical technological process of Municipal wastewater treatment

10. （5） Wastewater utilization
The renewed wastewater can be used in industrial water, agricultural irrigation, urban and groundwater recharge, water treatment.The affect of recycling and reuse in the entire water cycle is showed in figure 15-5
大气中蒸汽
地表水 降水 灌溉
地下水 废水
农业回用
城市用水
工业用水
水处理
排入地表水
工业回用
废水回收
地下水回注
Atmosphere steam
surface water
precipitation
irrigation
groundwater
wastewater
Agricultural reuse
city water consumption
Industrial water consumption
Water treatment
discharge into the surface water
Industrial reuse
Wastewater recycling
reinjection of groundwater
Figure 15-5 The effect of water treatment, regeneration and reuse to water-cycling system

11. 15.3.2 The control of atmospheric environmental pollution
（1）The comprehensive treatment measures of atmospheric pollution
（2）Basic method of atmospheric pollution treatment  
The treatment of particle pollutants
Treatment technology of gas polutants
Cleaning particulate pollutants is usually used by duster device .Divided as its main mechanism,there are mechanical duster, wet duster, filter duster and electrostatic duster.

12. 含尘气体
净化气体
排气管 外旋 排尘
气体出口
液入口
气体入口
液出口（泥渣）
dusty gas
purified-gas
vent-pipe
outward turning
Discharging dust
Gas outlet
Liquid inlet
Gas inlet
Liquid outlet (sludge )
Figure Structure profile of cyclone precipitator and spray wet precipitator

13. Figure 15-7 Operation simplified graph of bag dust collector
逆吹阀
吸气阀
过滤时逆吹
清净气体
含尘气体 风机
阀-开
阀-闭 旋转
除尘器
Inverse blow valve
Suction valve
Filtering, inverse blow
Clean gas
dusty gas
fan
Valve - open
Valve - close
rotating
precipitator
Figure 15-7 Operation simplified graph of bag dust collector

14. The treatment of gas pollutant
Absorption method
Adsorption method
Catalytic conversion process
Combustion method
Condensation method
Biological method

15. 15.3.3 Pollution control of solid waste
（1）The definition and classification of solid waste
（2）The treatment and disposal and utilization principle of solid waste
harmlessness
reduction
resource
（3）The treatment and resource method of solid waste
The treatment and recycling technology of solid waste is mainly
include crushing, sorting, thermochemical processing and
biological treatment.

16. （4） The final disposal technology of solid waste
The final disposal method of solid waste can be divided to land disposal and ocean disposal according to the sites of waster disposal.
The land disposal is a method based on the land and the soil layer to dispose the solid, divided into stockpiling method, land farming method, landfill method, deep perfusion method etc. The ocean disposal is to put the solid waster into the ocean by the capacity of ocean environment and its self-purification capacity.

17. Figure 15-8 The structural graph of safe landfill
保护衬层/渗滤液收集系统垫层
监视井 护坡
径流控制
排气口
最终填埋表面
植被土层
密封层
中间层
至渗滤液处理
安全填埋场
渗滤液收集
防渗衬层
渗滤液检测系统
辅助衬层
地下水位
Protecting the lining layer/penetrating fluid collection system cushion
Monitoring Wells
revetment
Runoff control
discharge port
Eventually landfill surface
plant soil
Sealing layer
interlayers
penetrating fluid treatment
Safety landfill
Collected penetrating fluid
Anti-seepage lining layer
penetrating fluid detection system
Auxiliary lining layer
Underground water level
Figure The structural graph of safe landfill

18. （5）The treatment and disposal methods of hazardous waste
The dangers of hazardous waste is mainly for inflammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, radioactive and biological cumulative etc. The treatment and disposal methods of hazardous waste are as following
Solidification and wrapping
Incineration
Safe land landfill

19. 15.3.4 Pollution control of soil environment
Pollution prevention measures of soil environment mainly including:
Strengthen the source control and management of
contaminated soil
Technical measure of soil pollution treatment
Physical improvement
Chemical improvement
Biological improvement

20. 15.3.5 Other physical pollution control
Noise pollution control
Reform the technology, technics and equipments, reduce noise radiation intensity
Reasonable city planning
Strengthening noise management
The technology to noise control
Sound absorption: to reduce the nosie by absorbing sound through sound absorption material or sound absorption structures
Sound insulation : impeding the noise transmitting to the space by sound insulation structure, or control the noise in a certain range.
Sound elimination: reduce propagation of the noise in air by silencers

21. Radioactive pollution control
The main measures of radioactive pollution control are include:
Strengthen the treatment of radioactive waste liquor
Properly handling and disposal of radioactive solid wastes
The treatment of radioactive waste gas

22. Shielding isolation room
Solid
waste
volume reduction
packaging
storage
transportation
emissions
processing
Waste gas
and liquid
treatment process
Shielding isolation room
curing
purification
废气废液 净化 排放 贮存 固化 包装 运输 处理
固体废物 减容
处理工程
屏蔽隔离室
Waste gas and liquid
purification
emissions
storage
curing
packaging
transportation
processing
Solid waste
volume reduction
treatment process
Shielding isolation room
Figure 15-9 Basic process of radioactive pollution control

23. The control of electromagnetic radiation pollution
Reduce the leakage of electromagnetic waves
Adopt effective control measures.
Improve urban planning to achieve region contral
The control of light pollution
Strengthen urban planning and management, rational arrangement of light source,reduce the source of light pollution
Safe methods should be taken, such as using movable barriers surrounding the operating area to prevent the non-operator from directly exposure in the harmful light source
Take the necessary personal protection, such as wearing goggles and protective masks which is effective personal protective measures

24. The control of heat pollution
Improve thermal energy utilization ratio, reduce waste heat emissions
Active develop and use clean energy
Comprehensive utilization of waste heat
Increase afforest area

25. 15.4 Case study Shenzhen Xiaping Landfill (1) the process of landfill
(2) the treatment process of landfill leachate
(3) the treatment and usage of landfill gas (LFG)
(4) the measure of hygiene management
Spraying cars will spray the pesticides regularly, to kill the fly, to prevent the spread of bacteria.The sprinkler will sprinkes water regaularly to prevent the dust flying in the air and there is car washing equipment, to prevent polluting the road by the car’s sludge ,control dust, and also prevent taking pathogens outside.There are fence around the field to prevent light waster blown outside causing contamination.

26. Figure 15-10 Technological process of waste leachate treatment
调节池 吹脱 厌氧
A/O 系统 混凝
城市污水处理厂 污泥
填埋场
达标排放
后期达到
城市二级
污水处理
厂指标后
直接排入
后期达到城市二级污水处理厂指标后直接排入
调节池 吹脱 厌氧 污泥
填埋场
A/O 系统 混凝
城市污水厂
达标排放
After it reach the city secondary sewage treatment plant directly and then it can directly discharged into the
Adjustive pool
stripping
anaerobic
sludge
landfill
A/O system
coagulation
Municipal wastewater treatment plant
reaching the standard
Figure Technological process of waste leachate treatment

27. Figure 15-11 Treatment and utilization technology of landfill methane
收集井
汇流中转器
输气管
抽气机（或气泵）
气体净化设备
自动点燃放空
气体加压机
燃气轮机（或气体内燃机）
发电机
Collecting Wells
Convergence repeater
gas piping
exhausting machine (or pump)
Gas purification equipment
Automatic lit vent
Gas pressure machine
Gas turbine (or gas internal combustion engine )
generator
Figure Treatment and utilization technology of landfill methane

28. Thank you
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