1. Clean Cities / 1 WESTERN WASHINGTON CLEAN CITIES COALITION The economics of providing workplace charging Scott DeWees Clean Cities Co-Coordinator ScottD@pscleanair.org October 17 th 2014

2. Clean Cities / 2 What makes up the cost of providing charging? Electrical Electricity use Monthly demand charges Equipment and installation EV charger (EVSE) Installation labor / site work Permit Electrical service upgrades EV Charger management EV charger networking Maintenance budget Data fees EVSE or parking enforcement

3. Clean Cities / 3 Rate of electricity consumption impacts your demand charge Billed as: Peak 15-min interval of consumption rate X utility demand charge 6 KW X $7.0/KW = $42 monthly demand charge Amount of electricity consumption impacts your electricity charge Billed as: Total monthly electricity X the electricity rate 600 kWh X $0.06/kWh = $36 electricity charge EV charging impacts electricity cost in in two ways Rate Price Amount Price

4. Clean Cities / 4 But, demand charges are not applicable to facilities under “small general service” rates (e.g., less than 50 KW aggregate demand) Demand charge rates depend on: Your utility (TPU, SCL, PSE) The utility rate-schedule the facility is under Time of year Typically range from $2.00 -$9.00 / KW EV demand charges

5. Clean Cities / 5 Rocky Mountain Institute: EV charger: ~$2,000- $6,000 Installation is the major contributor to public station cost (60–80 percent of total) Parking garage installations are the easiest and most economical public charging stations and typically cost about $6,000 Installation costs: It depends Data and graphs sourced from: http://blog.rmi.org/blog_2014_04_29_pulling_back_the_veil_on_ev_charging_station_costshttp://blog.rmi.org/blog_2014_04_29_pulling_back_the_veil_on_ev_charging_station_costs

6. Clean Cities / 6 Locate chargers close to electrical service Avoid trenching “Rough in” capacity for future chargers Locate chargers between parking stalls Bundle installation with other site upgrades (e.g., lighting retrofits) Strategies to reduce installation costs

7. Clean Cities / 7 Marginal costs Per charge event EV charger 5 year period? Infrastructure + installation 5-10 year period? How to treat EVSE + installation costs?

8. Clean Cities / 8 Scenario A: Level 1 charging without revenue recovery Electricity cost per charge$0.72 Monthly energy-demand charge$10.50 (or $1.18/ charge) Annual total (electricity+ demand) $307 Vehicles supported1 Marginal cost per charge$1.65 Marginal cost including EV charger $2.60 Marginal cost + total install$2.84 Charger used once per day, five days per week (~42 miles of range provided) PSE midsize commercial service tariff $100/ yr. maintenance budget Not included: charger management, or revenue recovery

9. Clean Cities / 9 Charger used twice per day, five days per week (~52 miles of range provided) PSE midsize commercial service tariff $100/ yr. maintenance budget Scenario B: Level 2 charging without revenue recovery Not included: charger management, or revenue recovery Electricity cost per charge$0.90 Monthly energy-demand charge$49.50 (or $1.18/ charge) Annual total (electricity+ demand) $1,048 ($524 per employee) Vehicles supported2 Marginal cost per charge$2.29 OR $1.01/ Hr. Marginal cost including EV charger $3.48 OR $1.53/ Hr. Marginal cost + total install$5.27 OR $2.32/Hr.

10. Clean Cities / 10 Charger used twice per day, five days per week (~52 miles of range provided) PSE midsize commercial service tariff $100/ yr. maintenance budget Scenario C: Level 2 charging with revenue recovery Electricity cost per charge$0.90 Monthly energy-demand charge$49.50 (or $1.18/ charge) Annual total (electricity+ demand) $1,048 ($524 per employee) Vehicles supported2 Marginal cost per charge$2.77 OR $1.22/ Hr. Marginal cost including EV charger $4.16 OR $1.83/ Hr. Marginal cost + total install$5.94 OR $2.62/Hr.

11. Clean Cities / 11 Ensure chargers will be used regularly Fixed costs : Demand charges Maintenance recovery Networking/revenue recovery

12. Clean Cities / 12 Charger typeLevel 1 chargerLevel 2 (low power) Level 2 (high Power) Level 2 (high power & smart) Range per hour 4.9 miles per charge-hour 11.55 miles per charge-hour 23 miles per charge-hour 12-23 miles per charge-hour Cost $600-$1,500$600-$2,000$1,000-3,000$3,000-$5,000* Charger networking and revenue recovery ---~$20 per month Demand charge incurred $4-11 per month$9-25 per month$18-50 per month $9-50 per month Charger management no yes EVSE costs and benefits

13. Clean Cities / 13 On Charger Revenue Via charger membership Credit card Restrict Access Charging “sticker pass” Gated parking Keypad, key fob Indirect Payroll deduction Permit parking How can you charge for charging?

14. Clean Cities / 14 How to estimate cost of charging