1. Zinc Primers
Jotun

2. Agenda Corrosion Corrosion protection with Zinc Technology
Zinc epoxy versus Zinc silicate
Zinc confusions
Zinc content in Jotun zinc primers
Barrier and Resist projects

3. Corrosion Corrosion is a reaction between Material and
Surrounding environment
…….under formation of corrosion products

4. Production and degradation of steel
Reaction between the material and
the surrounding environment takes place
Plates, pipes,
profiles, etc.
Manufacturing
Energy
Water /Humidity
Oxygen
Raw material
Iron ore
Rust
The presence of Water / Humidity and Oxygen
is a prerequisite for corrosion of steel

5. Manufacturing / refining - brings the material to a higher energy level
The resistance against oxidation (corrosion) varies for different materials
When brought in contact with an electrolyte (aqueous solution that conducts electricity) some metals easily dissolve into ions. These are called “Base metals”
“Noble metals” have a very strong resistance against corrosion and do not react to form ions unless exposed to very aggressive chemicals

6. Corrosion / degradation - brings the material "back" to the stable situation
Corrosiveness in an environment increases or varies with:
Temperature
Salinity
Oxygen content
Water velocity
Acidity
Type of electrolyte
Content of contaminants / pollution that promotes corrosion
Micro-organisms
Oxidation of metals is a natural process

7. Still the best ….. Cathodic protection Self repairing
Zinc containing primers are still the best foundation for a long lasting advanced paint system
Cathodic protection
Self repairing
Reducing risk of undercutting corrosion

8. The ability of providing cathodic protection
Zinc primer
Topcoat
Superior adhesion prevents coating undercut
Moisture allows Zinc to ionize and cathodically protecting the steel
Damage in coating to steel surface
The zinc primer reacts to protect the
steel substrate when the topcoat is damaged
Steel Zn 2+
Mid coat

9. Technologies Shopprimers Zinc epoxy primers Zinc silicate primers
Preliminary corrosion protection
Welding and burning properties
Compatible with advanced paint systems
Zinc epoxy primers
Epoxy binder
Primer on UHPWJ and blast cleaned steel
Corrosion protection
Primer in advanced paint systems
Zinc silicate primers
Silicate binder
Primer on blast cleaned steel

10. Technologies – zinc shopprimers
Binders
Ethyl silicate
Alkali silicate (water borne)
Zinc content
Low
Medium
Preliminary corrosion protection
6 – 14 months
Welding and burning properties
products tailored to productivity
Compatible with advanced paint systems

11. Zinc shopprimers Muki Z 2001 Muki Z 3000 Muki Z WB-14 FW Generic type
Low zinc silicate
Medium zinc silicate
Volume solids
28 %
62 %
Protection time
6-8 months
8-10 months
12-14 months
Recommended DFT
15-20 microns
15-25 microns
Colours
Green, red, grey
Grey
Weldability
Excellent
Good
Optimum
Cutability

12. Technologies - zinc primers
The classification of zinc-rich primers refers to the binder
Two different binders
Silicate – inorganic (solvent borne and water borne)
Epoxy – organic (solvent borne and water borne)
In general the inorganic binders have better electrical conductivity than the organic binders and will give a metallic conductivity all through the coating
Industry guidelines for minimum zinc requirements is given by organisations and specifications

13. Zinc silicates and zinc epoxies (Resist 86 and Barrier)
Observations after maintenance work done under severe and difficult conditions in the Ekofisk field, North Sea Environments

14. Barrier + vinyl system Resist 86 + vinyl system
An example of the difference between
Zn silicates and zinc epoxies (Resist 86 and Barrier)
Observations after maintenance work done under severe and difficult conditions in the
Ekofisk field, North Sea Environments
Barrier + vinyl system
Resist 86 + vinyl system

15. 9 years after last maintenance
Barrier + vinyl system

16. 9 years after last maintenance
Resist 86 + vinyl system

17. 9 years after last maintenance
Barrier + vinyl system

18. 9 years after last maintenance
Resist 86 + vinyl system

19. 9 years after last maintenance
Barrier + vinyl system

20. 9 years after last maintenance
Resist 86 + vinyl system

21. Chemistry - zinc primers
Inorganic : Network of zinc, oxygen and silicon atoms chemically bonded to each other and to the steel substrate
Organic : Metallic zinc particles "floating" in a cured epoxy binder network. The high content of zinc ensures metallic contact between the zinc and the steel substrate, and between the individual zinc particles.

22. Properties - zinc epoxy
Advantages
Considerations
Chemically curing
Good corrosion protection
Good adhesion
Pre-treatment: UHPWJ to WJ2 or Sa 2½
Good mechanical strength
May be recoated with all types of paint, except alkyd
Dry heat resistant up to 120ºC
Short over-coating time
Temperature dependent
2-component (water borne 3-comp)
Film thickness: m
Not acid- and alkaline resistant
(Resistant between pH 6-10)

23. Where to use - zinc epoxy primers
Ships
Offshore
Industry
New constructions / Maintenance
Exterior and interior, above and below water (as holding primer for underwater use microns)
Blast cleaning to UHPWJ WJ2 or Sa 2½
Segments
Objects
Surface preparation

24. Properties - zinc silicate primers
Advantages
Considerations
Very good corrosion protection
Very good solvent resistance
Very high heath resistance
(max 400oC)
Very high mechanical strength
Very good adhesion to blast cleaned steel
Relatively good recoatability
May be recoated with all types of paint, except Alkyd
Requires humidity for curing
2-pack
Max. DFT: 100 µm
(alkalisilicate 200 µm )
At higher DFT tendency of mud-cracking or checking
Curing to be checked before over-coating (ASTM 4752)
Use a tie coat or mist-coat/full-coat technique for the first subsequent coat
Shelf life : 6 months at 23ºC (alkali silicate 18 – 24 months)

25. Where to use - zinc silicate primers
Segments
Objects
Surface preparation
Ships
Offshore
Industry
New constructions / (maintenance)
Exterior above the waterline
Tank coating and water ballast tank
Blast cleaning to minimum Sa 2½

26. Jotun zinc primers Barrier 53 % Epoxy Barrier ZEP 54 % Barrier 77
Products
Vol.solids
Generic Type
Barrier
53 %
Epoxy
Barrier ZEP
54 %
Barrier 77
Barrier 90
WaterFine Barrier
56 %
Epoxy - water borne
Resist 78
72 %
Ethyl-silicate, inorganic
Resist 86
67 %
Resist GTI
Resist 5 WF
75 %
Alkali-silicate, inorganic, water borne

27. Zinc - confusions…. “Zinc dust” 100% “Zinc” 98.5 % “Metallic zinc” 94%
 Total zinc is the sum of all the zinc compounds in the formulation including: Zinc dust, zinc oxide, zinc phosphate etc.
“Zinc dust” 100%
- The raw material consists of…
“Zinc” %
Other components like lead and other impurities: 1.5%
“Metallic zinc” 94%
“Zinc oxide” 4.5%

28. SSPC - Paint 20 Zinc rich Inorganic and Organic Zinc dust content
Level 1
Zinc dust  85% weight in dry film
Level 2
Zinc dust  77%, < 85% weight in dry film
Level 3
Zinc dust  65%, < 77% weight in dry film
Zinc dust quality according to ASTM D 520

29. ISO 12944 (and Norsok) Zinc dust content
Zinc dust  80% weight in dry film
Zinc dust quality according to ISO 3549

30. ASTM D 520 - levels for lead content
Defines type of zinc dust for pigmentation of coatings
Type I
No max. level of lead content
Type II
High purity grade, max. 0,01% lead content by weight
Type III
Highest purity grade, max. 0,002% lead content by weight

31. Zinc in our epoxy primers
* In addition to the zinc dust, 6% zinc oxide is added, giving Barrier a total zinc content of 86%
Standard specification for zinc in Jotun products is ≤ 0.1% lead content
Barrier, Barrier 77, Barrier 90 can be supplied with ASTM D520 Type II zinc dust

32. Zinc in our silicate primers
Standard specification for zinc in Jotun products is ≤ 0.1% lead content
All Resist products can be supplied with ASTM D520 Type II zinc dust

33. Barrier in projects Tianjin port, China 12 units of RMG
Ivana B platform, one of several installations with Barrier on the Ivana field in The Adriatic Sea
Kola Bridge, Russia

34. Resist in projects 3x660 MW power complex BARH STPP in India
Guangzhou New International airport, China
Essar Oil Refinery at Vadinar in Gujarat, India

35. Jotun
Zinc Primers
Protects Properties