1. Miniature Flight Data Recorder Research Project (IHSS 2005) © 2005 Alan Barclay University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, U.K.

2. Flight Data Recorder & Cockpit Voice Recorder FDR –Time, Airspeed, Altitude, Heading, Acceleration, Attitude & Outside Air Temperature –Engine and Rotor speed –Cockpit controls CVR –Min. 2 hours recording time and 10 minutes after loss of power –Solid state only, no magnetic tape

3. Flight Data Recorder & Cockpit Voice Recorder Black Box –accident investigation – N.T.S.B. Student Pilot Training Aid –record dual and solo training flight profiles –review student pilot technique / performance Maintenance Prediction –engine and airframe performance Aircraft Tracking, etc. –live or recorded Improves Flight Safety?

4. Small Helicopters (2004) Make & ModelEmpty Weight / Seats Fleet SizeAccidents Bell TH-13/47749kg / 31,1929 Bell 206777kg / 52,44434 Enstrom F-28/280744kg / 34406 Robinson R22388kg / 21,06530 Robinson R44684kg / 457611 Schweizer 269/300499kg / 392612 Total (small helicopters)(53.7%) 6,643(48.8%) 102 Total of all types12,365209

5. F.D.R. Families (New / Solid-State Technology) Multi-Channel (50+) with Audio and Video Capabilities “EMMA” (< 1kg, < $1000) Multi-Channel (<24) “Jemma” variants (< 250g, < $250)

6. “EMMA” F.D.R. Full-Featured extensible modular design Voice and Video capable External display capable 100’s to 1000’s hours data storage (aircraft lifetime) GPS position Attitude Temperatures Internal U.P.S. provides power in emergency <1kg weight / <$1000 cost

7. “Jemma 2” mini F.D.R. modular variants Reduced functionality – modular variant design Same size as Jemma 1 External character display capable Standalone operation 250g weight / < $250 cost 2000+ hours data storage GPS Attitude Custom Channels - Engine temperature Engine RPM Rotor RPM Control Positions

8. Need a Software System too 1.Data Transfer 2.Data Viewer 3.Statistical Data Analysis > Reports pilot technique aircraft condition 4.Database System

11. 27 th January 2005 R22 G-ETIN HeliAir High Wycombe, U.K.

12. “Jemma 1” mini F.D.R. R22 Rotor / Engine RPM variant Reduced functionality – application specific design 50 hours data storage Engine RPM Rotor RPM Engine Temperature Outside Air Temperature Aircraft powered (10-30v) Standalone operation 150g weight / < $150 cost

13. Engine Overspeed Actions Overspeed %ActionAverage Cost (approx.) up to 5None- 5 – 10Inspect Engine and overhaul magnetos £2,000 $3,600 over 10Removed and disassemble engine R22 £6,000 $10,800 R44 £14,000 $25,200

14. Rotor Overspeed Actions Overspeed %ActionAverage Cost (approx.) up to 5None- 6 – 12Remove and inspect blades and spindles £1,200 $2,160 over 12Also NDT check spindles and hub £2,000 $3,600 To replace spindles R22 £2,000 $3,600 R44 £4,000 $7,200

19. Contact Info http://www.blackbox.aero alan.barclay@abdn.ac.uk +44 1224 591779 tel. / fax. +44 7803 606485 mobile