1. Testimony to the Governors Council on Electric Vehicle Infrastructure State Fleet Experience with Alternative Fuels Frank Sanzo April 23, 2010

2. Fleet Operations Who we are EO 22: reduce fleet size by 20% Fleet composition

3. Agency Needs Vehicles are purchased to meet agency needs. Some examples: Larger vehicles to accommodate specialized equipment Space needs to transport children requiring car seats Cost-consciousness

4. Compliance Requirements & Other Concerns Federal Law Environmental Policy Act (EPAct) Connecticut State Law Vehicle availability Minnesota Dept. of Administration – “limited vehicle types available” Environmental concerns Costs City of New York – “…challenge is the steep procurement cost” Washington/WWU – “life cycle costs are significantly higher than conventional equivalent vehicles”

5. Where do Electric Vehicles fit in with other fleets? 34 responses to survey: 59% do not own electric vehicles 41% own some type of EV Benefits Fuel economy/costs, low emissions, great PR, quiet operation Challenges Driver training, steep procurement and repair costs, low mileage, reliability, establishing infrastructure to recharge, limited vehicle types available, efficient exclusively in low mileage urban operations, uncomfortable, charge times

6. Fleet Experience with… Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) What is CNG? Limited CNG fueling locations Meeting agency needs “The CNG fuel tank was discovered to take up most all of the trunk space of the vehicle…Department of Children and Families child protection workers found bi- fuel CNG vehicles particularly troublesome because they could not store child seats in the trunk for use with children who had to be removed from their home and safely transported to other locations”

7. Fleet Experience with… Ethanol (E-85) What is E-85? Costs average $1.50/gallon more than regular unleaded gasoline Efficiency lower than regular unleaded gasoline Performance University of Minnesota – one challenge is “shorter range in cold weather”

8. DAS/Fleet Operations Overall Findings Compressed natural gas vehicles do not meet the core mission needs of some agencies, such as DCF, and vehicles running on ethanol have issues with performance, cost, and efficiency. Despite several challenges, plug-in electric vehicles do have a place in the state. We support the plan to develop the transportation sector and use universities as test bed opportunities.