1. Wayne Knibb on behalf of the Diddillibah Progress Association Asked to talk specifically about health issues from Asphalt plants (10 mins) Consulted USC experts in public health and climate modelling, and reviewed the scientific literature (have experience in reviewing literature) Full details available at https://sites.google.com/site/kundaparkneighbours/Homehttps://sites.google.com/site/kundaparkneighbours/Home

3. Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge? Start where there are no arguments

4. Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge? H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Also found in cigarette smoke no arguments/disagreements

5. Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge? H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium -cause cancer in experimental animals American Cancer Society no arguments/disagreements

6. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Chemicals cause cancer by damaging DNA and inducing chromosomal aberrations American Cancer Society no arguments/disagreements Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

7. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium These types of chemicals (PAHs) cause cancer in humans The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) American Cancer Society no arguments/disagreements Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

8. Not safe at any level In the absence of evidence to the contrary, genotoxic carcinogens such as benzene are assumed to have a non-threshold mechanism of action. As a ‘safe’ or ‘no effect’ level therefore cannot be identified, quantitative risk estimation is used to express the cancer risk (probability) in numerical terms. Benzene Health Review May 2003 QLD state and other regulators disagree with the science Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge? H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium

9. Disagreements Public and worker risk. We see a growing list of scientific papers that conclude exposure to hot asphalt emissions can significantly increase the incidence of many types of cancers above background (up to 3-4x), but some say NO risk. Serious peer reviewed journals Scand J Work Environ Health. 1992 Apr;18(2):133-41. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2004 Oct;30(5):337-8. American journal of industrial medicine. 2000 May;37(5):478-92. American journal of industrial medicine 2003, vol. 43,88-95 World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004 British J Industrial Medicine 1989 August; 46(8): 582–585. Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 18, No. 9-10, 417-424 (2002) Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge? but some say NO risk.

10. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Disagreements Public and worker risk. There is a growing list of scientific papers that conclude exposure to hot asphalt emissions can significantly increase the incidence of many types of cancers above background (up to 3-4x), but some say NO risk. Children : There are no studies on children near asphalt plants, although there are various reasons (age, metabolic rate, body proportions, activity levels, growth rates) why children can be more susceptible to carcinogens than adults. Time : Like many long term studies on cancer, it may take a generation or so before we are aware of the full consequences and dangers of exposure to certain chemicals from asphalt plants. We expect the evidence for asphalt to lag several decades behind that for cigarette smoking (only recently did "big tobacco" stop refuting the health risks from smoking). Many new scientific papers now find a connection between cancer and asphalt, but some of the early and some current studies do not detect associations or strong associations. Direction of data. It is universally agreed that exposure to chemicals in asphalt causes cancer in animals. Components of asphalt fumes, including benzene are highly carinogenic (we even know how these chemicals biologically induce cancer). Overall, the fact that we are now seeing evidence of increased cancer risk in humans from a number of studies on asphalt is troubling and points to even stronger associations as populations age and we get more data. How do we bet ? So if some papers say yes, and some no, about asphalt causing cancer in humans, which do we go with? Some studies say several fold increase, some say 10-50% increase in cancer rates. What do we do? Toss a coin, take a bet about our children's future? If we bet no effect, and find out that these negative papers were funded by asphalt industries, then we've failed to take a precautionary approach for our children. If we bet on low levels of cancer rates, then how many collateral deaths are worth it for the sake of having an asphalt plant close by? ********** All agree : Overall, all agree that asphalt fumes contain strongly carcinogenic material (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs). Disagree : The disagreements seem to be over the level of exposure that causes a specific and public health risk. This is why the issue of still air over Kunda Park especially in winter is such an important issue, as the still air and temperature inversions will greatly magnify the concentration of carcinogens, and their risk. ******* Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

11. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health – Boral claim their plant is safe under health limits for above… Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

12. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health – Boral claim their plant is safe Under health limits for above…  ? But science says no safe level…….. Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

13. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health – Boral claim their plant is safe Under health limits for above…  ? Considered adjacent “sensitive receivers” But science says no safe level…….. Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

14. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health – Boral claim their plant is safe Under health limits for above…  ? Considered adjacent “sensitive receivers”  But science says no safe level…….. Children at the football fields were not considered, nor their commercial neighbours Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

15. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health – Boral claim their plant is safe Under health limits for above…  ? Considered adjacent “sensitive receivers”  Say temp. inversions are rare (they are not considered) “ This assessment is not an assessment of inversion conditions". "Inversion conditions are very rare in this area as shown in the meteorological data” But science says no safe level…….. Children at the football fields were not considered, nor their commercial neighbours Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

16. Precautionary principle

18. Temperature inversions are USUAL in winter

19. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health – Boral claim their plant is safe Under health limits for above…  ? Considered adjacent “sensitive receivers”  Say temp inversions are rare (they are not considered)  But science says no safe level…….. Children at the football fields were not considered, nor their commercial neighbours Temperature inversions are common at Kunda Park and will concentrate pollutants 100s of times. Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

20. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health – Boral claim their plant is safe Under health limits for above…  ? Considered adjacent “sensitive receivers”  Say temp inversions are rare (they are not considered)  Say used data from Mt. Creek. But science says no safe level…….. Children at the football fields were not considered, nor their commercial neighbours Temperature inversions are common at Kunda Park and will concentrate pollutants 100s of times. Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

21. Precautionary principle

22. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health – Boral claim their plant is safe Under health limits for above…  ? Considered adjacent “sensitive receivers”  Say temp inversions are rare (they are not considered)  Say used data from Mt. Creek.  But science says no safe level…….. Children at the football fields were not considered, nor their commercial neighbours Temperature inversions are common at Kunda Park and will concentrate pollutants 100s of times. Given the risk - Need to use 10 years of real data from Kunda Park Risk = probability x consequence Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

23. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health – Boral claim their plant is safe Under health limits for above…  ? Considered adjacent “sensitive receivers”  Say temp inversions are rare (they are not considered)  Say used data from Mt. Creek.  But science says no safe level…….. Children at the football fields were not considered, nor their commercial neighbours Temperature inversions are common at Kunda Park and will concentrate pollutants 100s of times. Given the risk - Need to use 10 years of real data from Kunda Park Risk = probability x consequence Given the level of risk, Boral’s application is superficial and seriously flawed Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

24. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health – Boral claim their plant is safe Under health limits for above…  ? Considered adjacent “sensitive receivers”  Say temp inversions are rare (they are not considered)  Say used data from Mt. Creek.  But science says no safe level…….. Children at the football fields were not considered, nor their commercial neighbours Temperature inversions are common at Kunda Park and will concentrate pollutants 100s of times. Given the risk - Need to use 10 years of real data from Kunda Park Risk = probability x consequence Experts call for a “site specific health assessment” Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

25. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health…what happened in the USA/ Aust Boston Health Board refuses Asphalt plant because of potential threats to the public health. Board of Adjustment (Hillsborough) said the proposal was incomplete and contained too many unknowns, leading the board to deny the plan. Gympie asphalt plant closed down after complaints. Why?????????? Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

26. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Health…what happened in the USA Residents of Spanish Fork, Utah say the following about their local Asphalt plant:say the following “Smell is very strong – burning throat and eyes....” (September 7, 1997). “Valley Asphalt – odor – brownish smoke after white plume – burns throat and eyes. Periodic problem - especially bad today” (July 21, 1997). Emitting bad smoke – really smells” (September 3, 1996). “Brown haze causing respiratory irritation, have pictures if we need them” (July 21, 1997). “Air filled with orange-colored haze from Valley – very pungent odor – had to take kids inside – ongoing problem” (June 22, 1998). “Blowing dust – can see it for miles from the freeway” (July 17, 1996). “All day white smoke” (July 23, 1996). A citizen living near Valley Asphalt facility is worried about fumes from running trucks building up in their home (December, 1996). “Odors - dust” (September 8, 1997). “Emitting tons of smoke for the past few days” (June 1, 1999). “Air smells horrible” (September 21, 2001). Dust complaint – citizen does not think they [Valley Asphalt] are using dust-control measures (April 16, 2001). Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

27. Residents kept awake at night by Allen's asphalt plant at Cooroy Sunshine Coast Daily 22 May 2007 By Nicola Kerkenezov Ringtail Creek residents are tossing and turning night after night. The small group of neighbours, who live in a rural setting north-west of Cooroy, are up in arms about noise coming from nearby Allen's Asphalt, off Ringtail Creek Drive. The plant runs 24-hours a day Jo lives about 3km from the site said. "The noise is so great at night, it is very noticeable. "It never goes away and goes on and on and on... like a train going past." Mr Leigh said the disturbance from the plant at night was so great that it was seriously disrupting his sleep and could be affecting wildlife. "Who would have thought that we would have to wear earplugs and close all the windows to get a decent night's sleep when we bought property in this beautiful rural setting," he said. "I suspect that this (noise) is also impacting on our local fauna. "I have noticed that the dawn chorus of birds has decreased dramatically and even nocturnal native visitors, which once delighted us, appear to be diminishing." Noise adjacent to health, but can be related to health/ stress

28. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Heath - REVIEW Know cancer can be caused by fume chemicals Know there is no safe level for constituents of the fumes. Know some science reports hi cancer in Asphalt workers. Risk = probability x consequence Given a 20 year operation, and the risks and the uncertainties, council should apply the precautionary principle: Council has a statutory obligation to adopt the “ precautionary principle ” when deciding development applications (refer to Section 1.2.3(2) of the Act) at least in regard to the environment…. QLD health?… Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

29. H 2 S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium Public Heath - REVIEW Know cancer can be caused by fume chemicals Know there is no safe level for constituents of the fumes. Know some science reports hi cancer in Asphalt workers. Risk = probability x consequence Given a 20 year operation, and the risks and the uncertainties, council should apply the precautionary principle: Health experts are calling for a “site specific health risk assessment” Precautionary principle Principal issue Can we and our children get sick from continual exposure to hot asphalt fumes and smoke stack discharge?

30. -Will the benzene and related fallout (including arsenic) contaminate our rainwater tanks? Much of Diddillibah has no town water, and residents rely on harvesting rainwater. H2S, Benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Nickel, Chromium and Beryllium from the asphalt plant will contaminate, to some degree, their rainwater supplies. The rate of accumulation could be high is there are frequent periods of light rain fall. Neither Allen’s application, or the EPA’s input to the process, considers this problem and health issue.. The EPA have asked if the pollution will contaminate the rainwater harvested at the site of the plant, but not in tanks of urban residents.The EPA have asked Precautionary principle

32. declared DPIF fish habitat less than 600 m from the Eudlo Creek Conservation Park, near the Buderim Conservation Park which are also Significant Wetlands according to federal legislation (Environment Protection Biodiversity and Conservation Act 1999). part of the primary north-south wildlife corridor.– Maroochy Biodiversity Strategy. less than 1km from significant wetlands and shoreline bird habitat : SEQ Regional - Coastal Management Plan 2006) adjacent to 'referrable wetlands' under the Integrated Planning Act 1997 and are listed in the Directory of Important Wetlands. Near a large part of Eudlo Creek Conservation Park that is mapped as habitat for threatened species under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 Near lands (between 600m and 1.5km) identified as Priority 1A, 1C and 2 lands by the Maroochy Biodiversity Strategy. According to the Strategy, Priority 1 lands “contribution to biodiversity is of the highest order and is also under the most significant threat (p. 153)”. The Maroochy Biodiversity Strategy states “Priority 1 lands should form the focal point of biodiversity protection strategies in the short to medium term. Near a total of 22 federally listed threatened species, 16 Migratory species and 14 listed Marine species indicated by The Environment Protect Biodiversity and Conservation Act 1999 (EPBA Act 1999). This flora and fauna, which includes rare and threatened fauna that utilise this set of habitat cores include resident and international migrant wader birds and endangered species listed under the EPBC Act 1999, are an integral part of the Sunshine Coast’s Biodiversity as well as the environmental values of the Conservation Park and significant wetlands close to the proposed development.