1. Issues:Articles of Confederation Why weakness?Constitution of the United States Levying Taxes Federal Courts Regulation of trade Executive Amending document Representation of states Raising an army Interstate commerce Disputes between states Sovereignty Passing laws

2. Basics/Issues:Articles of Confederation Levying Taxes Congress could REQUEST states to pay taxes Federal Courts No system of federal courts  no means by which to enforce US laws  each state could interpret federal laws as it pleased and chose when—or even if—to administer them  States relied on own courts rulings and ignored others Regulation of trade  Congress endowed with the sole authority to negotiate foreign treaties  Did not have the power to control trade between individual states and foreign countries Executive (President) No executive with power. President of U.S. merely presided over Congress

3. Issues:Articles of Confederation Amending document (ratifying) 13/13 needed to amend Articles Representation of states (# of Representatives) Each State received 1 vote and each State provide at least two delegates, regardless of the amount of land, population size, or wealth of that state Raising an army Congress could not draft troops, dependent on states to contribute forces  Some states had created their own armies, others their own navies.

4. Issues:Articles of Confederation Interstate commerce -No provision to regulate trade -Each state had a tariff on the other states - Def: A tariff is a tax on goods coming in from another state or country Disputes between States -Congress had the power to settle border and interstate disputes  Had to select a panel of judges to hear the case

5. Issues:Articles of Confederation Sovereignty Sovereignty resides in states supported its own cause at the expense of the common good.  unwillingness of States to focus on their role as part of a bigger nation Passing laws 9/13 needed to approve legislation  When the Congress could agree to enact legislation, there was no judicial system to enforce the laws.

6. Issues:Articles of Confederation *What did the document say about the issues? (Don’t skimp on answers) Levying Taxes Federal Courts Regulation of trade Executive (President)

7. Issues:Articles of Confederation Amending document (ratifying) Representation of states (# of Representatives) Raising an army

8. Issues:Articles of Confederation Interstate commerce Disputes between States – how settled?

9. Issues:Articles of Confederation Sovereignty rested more where? Passing laws

10. Why aren’t we still under the Articles of Confederation? What happened between 1777 (ratified 1781) and 1788 that would cause our Founding Fathers to start over again?

11. Case Studies

12. Each Case Study What is the problem(s)/issue(s)? Highlight What caused it? or Underline Why couldn’t the National Government (under Articles of Confederation) help solve the problem(s)/issue(s)? – List ALL