1. Kurt Swalander, University of Southern California, CREATE, Applied Research in Environmental Science, UNC-EC ; Lloyd Mitchell Ph.D., MPH, MS, RS, University of North Carolina: Elizabeth City St. Univ., USC Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terror Events and Anne Garland Ph.D., R.A.; University of Maryland, USC Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terror Events, Working Together For A Safer Tomorrow Politico-cultural influences within Tribally Inclusive Geographic Areas (TIGA) on disaster management of six geologic hazards: Tsunami, Volcanic Eruptive Events and Lahar, Floods, Geomagnetics, Earthquakes, & Landslides ABSTRACT This two phase study is designed to assist elected and appointed leaders in and near reservations communities by enhancing the understanding of the relationships between identified geological hazards and common politico-cultural factors via the fusion of this knowledge into local decision making in an effort to reduce and manage geohazard risks. Phase I: Identification of common politico- cultural factors specific to American Indian reservation communities and analysis of how these factors affect integrated management of selected geohazard risk and geological disasters in Tribally Inclusive Geographic Areas (TIGA) in four states. Phase II: Utilization of constructed weighted matrices to define levels of importance of the activities related to geohazard risks. The politico-cultural factors reviewed and analyzed were: 1) Concept of tribal sovereignty in government to government relationships, 2) Blood Quantum enrollment, and 3) Taxation of cigarettes. Six types of geologic hazards in selected TIGA in the states of New York, Wisconsin, Oregon, and Washington were reviewed: 1) Tsunami, 2) Volcanic Eruptive Events and Lahars, 3) Floods, 4) Geomagnetism, 5) Earthquakes, and 6) Landslides, roadside, and roadbed soils degradation. Results to date indicate that geomagnetic events are the least managed but pose primarily a temporary economic risk, and where applicable, tsunami hazards and earthquakes pose the greatest risk. Future work is anticipated to refine and add data across additional TIGA. Update: Data collected from field site visits indicate that responses to geological disasters in TIGA are inconsistent and influenced by tribal politico-cultural factors, primarily sovereignty, that may not always have the best interests of all TIGA residents and guests in mind. Data Review: All data review extracted information related to taxation, politico-cultural influences, and geohazards management I. Existing Documents * U.S. Department of Homeland Security, * U.S. Geological Survey * Federal Emergency Management Agency * National Geomagnetism Program II. Field data collected from field site visits *18 American Indian Tribal Communities * Geological, Political, Economic III. Field data from recent related studies * 106 TIGA Geographic Areas of Study Gaming Class Relationships Gaming levels attract different populations I. Social gaming with minimal prize: Raffle ticket buyers II. Games of chance: bingo players, pull tabs players III. House games: blackjack players, high stake gamblers Critical And Urgent Recommendations 1. Create gaming compacts with components specifically addressing public health geohazard management for all TIGA residents guests 2. Require geohazard management in all TIGA as a funding prerequisite 3. Advocate nationally equitable public health and safety for TIGA Challenge Statement To find conclusive information/data sufficiently able to assist leaders working with sovereign nations to keep all people on Indian tribes safe as possible in the event of a geologic disaster on tribal territory. Selected References 1. Cascades Volcanic Observatory: Various sources 2. Casinos: native Azmerican Tribal Casinos- The Story of Native AmericanCasinosintwoStates. "http://www.libraryindex.comhttp://www.libraryindex.com/pages/1586/Casinos-Native-American-Tribal-Casinos- STORY-NATIVE-AMERICAN-CASINOS-IN-TWO-STATES.html (accessed September 18, 2011). 3. "Compact." http://www.merriam-webster.com/; http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/compact?show=3&t=1316018354(accessed September 14, 2011).http://www.merriam-webster.com/http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/compact?show=3&t=131601835 4. Glassberg, David. “American Environmental History.” Lecture, University of Massachusets Amherst, MA, Spring 2010. 5. Minnesota Indian Gaming Association. "Industry Overview.www.indiangaming.com.http://www.indiangaming.com/industry/ (accessed September 14, 2011).www.indiangaming.com.http://www.indiangaming.com/industry/ 6. National Indian Gaming Commission. "Growth in Gaming Revenues. “http://www.nigc.gov;http://www.nigc.gov/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=ta0m2dzcB3k%3d& tabid=67 (accessed Sep 28, 2011).http://www.nigc.gov;http://www.nigc.gov/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=ta0m2dzcB3k%3d& 7. U.S. Census Bureau. "2010 Census Data. http://2010.census.gov/2010census/.http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ (accessed September14, 2011).http://2010.census.gov/2010census/ 8. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency: Various Documents 9. Willman, Elaine (2005) Going To Pieces, Equilocus, LLC 10. Winston, Oretha. "Cherokee 2,800 Blacks From Tribe."http://elev8.com. http://elev8.com/news/orethawinston/cheokee -indians-banish-2800-blacks-from-tribe/ (accessed September 18,2011).http://elev8.com/news/orethawinston/cheokee Acknowledgements Dr. Lloyd Mitchell, U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security, CREATE; Elizabeth City State University Dr. Anne Garland, U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security, CREATE; University of Maryland Kyle N. Horne, Applied Research in Environments Science, Non-Profit, Inc.; HYKION Jeremiah Lancaster, U.S. Army National Guard; Applied Research in Environmental Science Methodology 1. Review Data 2. Identify Tribally Inclusive Geographic Area TIGA 3. Identify geohazards within TIGA 4. Identify TIGA politico-cultural factors 5. Analyzed factors against geohazards 6. Determine ranked relationships Results Driving Model Geo HazardPolitco-cultural Influences 1TsunamiSovereigntyHigh EnrollmentMedium Cigarette TaxLow 2Volcanic Eruptions SovereigntyHigh EnrollmentMedium Cigarette TaxLow 3LaharSovereigntyHigh EnrollmentMedium Cigarette TaxLow 4FloodsSovereigntyHigh EnrollmentMedium Cigarette TaxLow 5EarthquakesSovereigntyHigh EnrollmentMedium Cigarette TaxLow 6LandslidesSovereigntyHigh EnrollmentMedium Cigarette TaxLow Fig. I NOAA Wave Amplitude Chart Fig. III Potentially Active Volcanoes in Western U.S Fig. III FEMA Estimated Seismic Shaking Intensity Fig. II USGS Earthquake Hazards Fig. IV Earthquake Probability Fig. IV FEMA NOAA Flood Risk Sovereignty vs. Geohazard Management Ask Me! Sovereignty Enrollment Taxation Geohazard Management