1. Dr. Khurram Irshad

2. Cardiac Output “Amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in each minute” Cardiac Output = Stroke volume X H.R

4. Regulation of Stroke Volume Intrinsic Mechanisms Frank Starling Law Extrinsic Mechanisms Sympathetic stimulation Parasympathetic Stimulation

5. Frank–Starling law of the heart (also known as Starling's law or the Frank–Starling mechanism or Maestrini heart's law)heart States that The stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end diastolic volume)stroke volumeend diastolic volume The increased volume of blood stretches the ventricular wall, causing cardiac muscle to contract more forcefully within physiological limits

6. Physiological Basis of Frank-Starling Law

7. End-diastolic Volume Venous Return Amount of blood received by the heart in a unit time Value5 L/min

8. Factors Affecting Venous Return

9. Skeletal Muscle Pumps

11. Control of Heart Rate Intrinsic Mechanisms Bain-bridge Reflex Extrinsic Mechanisms Sympathetic Stimulation Increases HR Parasympathetic Stimulation Decreases HR

13. Summarized Effect of Sympathetic Stimulation