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anatomically The whole nervous system can be anatomically divided into: * Central nervous system. * Peripheral nervous system. Physiological organization Physiological organization of the nervous system are: * Somatic nervous system mainly deals with the voluntary and conscious aspects of neurological control. * The autonomic nervous system (ANS): deals with involuntary control mechanisms.
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Divisions of the autonomic nervous system * SYMPATHETIC: thoracolumbar outflow, catabolic in function * PARASYMPATHETIC: craniosacral outflow, anabolic in function Cranial nerves, i.e. Cr III, VII, IX & X. 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th sacral segments
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Autonomic ganglia Definition: A ganglion is a collection of nerve cells out side the CNS. Types: Three types: Lateral: site for relay of sympathetic nerves. Collateral: It is site for relay of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Terminal: site of relay for parasympathetic nerves.
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Function of autonomic ganglia: RRelay stations. RRelease of chemical transmittion DDistributing function. Regeneration of post ganglionoic fibers.
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Origin and distribution of sympathetic nervous system
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General functions of the sympathetic nervous system: (The alarm response or stress response) In emergency conditions: e.g. in cases of fight, flight, muscular exercise, emotions, pain and cold, generalized sympathetic excitement occurs (the alarm response or stress response): Acceleration of the heart. Dilatation of bronchi. Vasoconstriction in inactive regions.
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Sweat secretion. Delay muscle fatigue. Contraction of spleen. Glycogenolysis. Adrenal secretion. All the above reactions prepare the body for fight or flight or to face an emergency situation.
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Horner's Syndrome: damage of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion leads to: Ptosis. Miosis. Anhydrosis. Vasodilatation.
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Origin and distributio n of parasympat hetic nervous system
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General functions of parasympathetic system: Parasympathetic functions are anabolic and energy preserving Its function becomes most apparent in a person at rest after a meal and reading a newspaper.
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