1. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 1 “A Rose by Any Other Name” OSHA-Hawai’i Workshop May 20, 2009

2. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 2  Perform a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) for every Major Task  Understand how the JHA can be used to:  Identify Hazards and Solutions  Train Employees and Involve Them in working safely  Hold individuals accountable for safety performance  Perform better accident investigations  Continuously improve your safety and health program

3. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 3  Accident Hazard Analysis (AHA)  Job Safety Analysis (JSA)  Task Safety Analysis (TSA)

4. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 4  A tool that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards BEFORE they occur.  Looks at potential hazards caused by:  The task  The tools or equipment used  People – (the worker or management)  The environment  AND, how the hazards can be eliminated or reduced.

5. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 5  Organized, systematic approach to ID hazards  IDs hazards, causes, and corrective actions.  Involves employees – increase their awareness  Standardizes operations based on acceptable safe practices  Documents process to aid in:  Accident investigation/analysis  Accountability

6. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 6  The foundation for all future actions  Protective Systems  Personal protective equipment (PPE)  Training  Frequency of re-inspections/re-evaluations  Documentation

7. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 7  Start with the most hazardous jobs/tasks (worse first)  Most severe – can cause death  Most frequent/likely  Not an exact science  List, rank order, and do!

8. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 8  Install new Roofing tiles  Demo the roof  Clean-up and Leave site  Deliver supplies to jobsite  Job Estimating  Maintain warehouse  Sales  Invoicing for work Worst First!

9. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 9  There are three considerations of a Job Hazard Analysis:  What needs to get done? (Tasks)  What are the risks? (Hazards)  How we do it safely? (Controls)

10. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 10 PPre-job phase PProcess design CConstruction PPrior to any Process Change IIf you’ve never done it before

11. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 11 1. Break down job/tasks into discrete STEPS 2. For each step, identify all potential HAZARDS 3. For each potential hazard, evaluate the RISK in order to prioritize corrective actions. 4. For each potential hazard, figure out a CORRECTION OR CONTROL 5. MAINTAIN hazard correction or control.

12. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 12 Basic Job StepsPotential HazardsControl & Recommended Actions What needs to get Done? What are the risks?How do we do it safely? WORK SITE - Job Hazard Analysis TASK: _____________ This completed JHA shall be kept at the work site until the task is complete. Forward completed JHA forms to the head office for reference. In the case of an accident, this form must be retained for use by the supervisor. Equipment to be used Inspection req.Training requirements List all equipment to be used in the work activity List all inspection requirements for the work activity List all training requirements, including chemical safety (hazard communication)

13. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 13 Step 1Step 2Step 3

14. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 14 Grinding Iron Castings 1. Reach into metal box to right of machine (grinder), grasp casting, and carry to wheel 2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr 3. Place finished casting in box to left of machine (grinder).

15. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 15  Potential for harm or damage to  PEOPLE  PROPERTY  ENVIRONMENT  A situation at a workplace capable of causing harm

16. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 16  Tripping/Slipping Hazards -  Fall Hazards -  Electrical Hazards -  Machinery – cut, lacerate, crush  Chemical Hazards – poisons, irritants, asphyxiants  Biological Hazards – Mold, Tuberculosis, HIV  People – Workplace Violence

17. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 17 A Hazard is not an ACCIDENT until there is Exposure to the hazard. Hazard + Exposure Accident

18. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 18

19. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 19  Proximity to danger zone  “arm’s length” for machinery  Body length for falls  Breathing zone for chemicals

20. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 20  Head  Arms/Legs  Ears  Lungs  Stomach Ingestion  Eyes  Dermal/Skin

21. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 21  Walk around & Observe  People working  The surroundings  Read Labels and Material Safety Data Sheets (chemical hazards)

22. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 22  Look around this room  What potential hazards do you see?  Jot some of them down

23. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 23 Grinding Iron Castings 1. Reach into metal box to right of machine, grasp casting, and carry to 2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr. 3. Place finished casting in box to left of machine. 1. Back injury from reaching/bending/car rying. 2. Cut/laceration from sharp burrs on castings. 3. Toe injury from dropping casting on foot. 4. Bruise/abrasion as casting slips on wheel. 5. Eye injury and punctures/cuts from wheel breakage.

24. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 24 RISK = Severity x Probability Severity– what can happen (Consequences) Probability – the likelihood of it happening

25. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 25 HighDeath, permanent disability, or chronic irreversible illness MediumInjuries or illnesses – some lost time, hospitalization LowTemporary, reversible, no hospitalization, no lost time. MinimalInjuries and illnesses requiring no treatment, e.g. aspirin or small band aid.

26. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 26  Amputation  Severe electrical burns  Chemical burns to eyes  Cancer  Chemical sensitization

27. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 27  Fractures/broken bones  Severe sprain or strain  Severe dermatitis – open wounds/sores  Lacerations requiring stitches

28. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 28  Bruises  Scrapes, Abrasions  Minor cuts  Mild headache  Mild strain/sprain [Generally treatable with first aid]

29. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 29  No Treatment  Minor bruise  Small cut

30. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 30 GreaterProbability of the event/accident is higher than that which is rated “lesser” LesserProbability of the event/accident is lesser than that which is rated “greater” You decide where the dividing line is.

31. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 31  Hazard – Fall from 8’ Ladder  What factors can increase the likelihood of falling?  Condition of ladder – slippery, wobbly  Duration – how long on ladder  Number of people climbing ladders  Pace of job – how quickly task must be done  Additional load – carrying anything?  Environmental – outdoors in sun, wind, rain

32. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 32  No. of Employees Exposed to Hazard  Duration of Exposure  Proximity to Danger zone  Work Pace  Environmental

33. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 33  10 workers on ladders  Up to 2 hours a day  Carrying tarps and other equipment  Task requires reaching  Pace – fast  Outdoors Is a fall unlikely, likely or highly likely?

34. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 34  So what do we do with the information on severity and probability?  Assign priorities for action  Using your company’s risk profile

35. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 35 PrioritySeverityProbability 1HighGreater 2MediumGreater 3LowGreater 4HighLesser 5MediumLesser 6LowLesser 7MinimalGreater 8MinimalLesser You decide what you risk tolerance is

36. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 36 HazardSeverityProbabilityPriority 1Back injuryMediumGreater2 2Cut/Laceration from sharp burrs LowGreater3 3Toe fractureMediumLesser5 4Bruise/abrasionLowLesser6 5Eye injury, cuts/punctures from wheel breakage HighLesser4

37. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 37  Eliminate the hazard Hazard + Exposure ≠ Accident  Eliminate the exposure Hazard + Exposure ≠ Accident  Reduce both hazard + exposure ≠ Accident

38. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 38 Hierarchy of Hazard Controls Engineering (1 st choice) Administrative/Work Practice (2 nd choice) PPE (Last Resort!)

39. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 39

40. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 40 Grinding Iron Castings – see page 16  Engineering solution –  Adjustable platform or pallet, reconfigure work station  Administrative Solution  Don’t twist, move feet  Personal Protective Equipment  Gloves, safety glasses, steel toe shoes.

41. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 41  Inspections/Audits  Do the solutions/controls really work?  Are they still working?  Have we identified all hazards?  Education and Training  Training – How  Education - Why  Preventive Maintenance  Keeping things working as they should  Follow manufacturer’s recommendations Need both!

42. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 42  Equipment Needs  Grinder, Leather gloves, Safety goggles, Steel-toe shoes  Inspection Requirements  Inspect Grinder daily  Inspect PPE for wear  Training Requirements  Grinder use  PPE use and care

43. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 43  Regular frequency  Rotation – review x% every year until all reviewed within 5 years  Accident/Incident  Include “near misses”  Process Change

44. OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 44  Systematically identify workplace hazards and solutions  Train employees in safe work procedures and involve them in working safely  Hold individuals accountable for safety performance  Perform better accident investigations  Continuously improve your safety and health program