1. Storage management and caching in PAST, a large-scale, persistent peer- to-peer storage utility Antony Rowstron, Peter Druschel

2. Introduction PAST is an Internet-based, peer-to-peer global storage utility. It aims to provide strong persistence, high availability, scalability and security. PAST employs Pastry as the routing scheme. Pastry is an efficient routing scheme used to reliably route client requests to the appropriate nodes.

3. PAST Operations fileId=Insert(name, owner-credentials, k, file) fileId is 160-bit, while nodeId is 128-bit; fileId nodeId file=Lookup(fileId) Reliably retrieve a copy of the file Reclaim(fileId, owner-credentials) Notice: Reclaim doesn’t guarantee that the file is no longer available after it was reclaimed. 128 Bits32 Bits 128 Bits ML

4. Storage Management Design Goals:  Allow high global storage utilization  Gracefully degrade as the system approaches the maximal utilization Load balancing:  Replica diversion  File diversion

5. Replica Diversion Replica diversion is to accommodate differences in the storage capacity and utilization of nodes within a leaf set. B A C An entry points to B File is stored in B due to the less capacity in A A is the right node to store the file, but has insufficient space C is the k+1th closest node, which stores the pointer in case of the failure of node A

6. File Diversion The k closest nodes to the fileId could not accommodate the file nor divert the replicas; then, a file diversion is invoked. The client generates a new fileId, and retries to insert the file. Repeat the second step up to 3 times. If it still fails, an error is reported to the application.

7. Caching PAST nodes use the “unused” portion of their advertised disk space to cache files. Caching in PAST is based on GreedyDual- Size (GD-S) policy, which was originally developed for caching Web proxies.

8. Experimental Results *This graph is from the paper.

9. Question?