1. An Investigation into Drone Swarming tactics and Group Key Encryption Theora Rice SWARM!

2.  Inspiration  History  Drone Theory  Uses  Problems  Current State  Interesting Observations OUTLINE

3.  Social insects  Flexible  Robust  Decentralized  Self-organized INSPIRATION

4.  Military Swarming - 1990s  Common tactic in non-linear, dispersed, and decentralized military operations  Several autonomous or semi-autonomous groups attack from multiple angles  Pulsing – replacing with refreshed groups  Natural evolution with gorilla tactics HISTORY IN THE U.S.A.

5.  Fully or semi-autonomous drones  Able to act in unison  Reconfigure at a moment's notice  Able to react and make decisions DRONE SWARM GOALS

6.  Combat  Mine Discovery  Crop pollination  Pollution tracking  Traffic monitoring  Emergency response  3D mapping  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvimQq1zvoM USES

7.  Group-oriented Communication  Essentially, one group key that allows communication  New member enters, new group key (forward security)  Member leaves, new group key (backward security) GROUP KEY COMMUNICATIONS

8.  Communication–Computation Efficient Group Key (CCEGK) Protocol  Tree structure  Initialization Operation  Join  Mass Join  Merge  Leave  Mass leave  Split  Key refresh GROUP KEY COMMUNICATIONS

9.  Group Key Communication  What has been transmitted is received (noise)  Latency  Storage size  Charging  Small drones, small batteries  The Human Mindset PROBLEMS

10.  Universities  Naval postgraduate school, 2015  http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/military/swarming- drones.html  Kilobots  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnyDAuqorGo#t= 96  Inexpensive, open-source nanocopters CURRENT STANDING – UNITED STATES

11.  China  Anti-ship swarms, multiple news stories  Switzerland  http://www.fastcompany.com/3015075/fast- feed/the-perfect-tech-storm-3-d-printed-self- assembling-drone-swarms  Portugal  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3ernrkZ91E CURRENT STANDING – OTHER COUNTRIES

12.  Not many links for military swarm research  Many seemed to be taken down  Many articles saying the same thing with the same videos  Most public research coming out of Universities INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS

13.  http://actu.epfl.ch/news/the-matterhorn-like-you-ve-never-seen-it/  http://blog.navaldrones.com/2013/03/evaluating-chinas-anti-ship-drone- swarms.html  http://www.fastcompany.com/3015075/fast-feed/the-perfect-tech-storm-3-d- printed-self-assembling-drone-swarms  http://faculty.washington.edu/paymana/swarm/bonabeau03-etcon.pdf  http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-06/future-flight-swarms-will- dominate-sky  http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130612/C4ISR/306120029/  http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/artificial-intelligence/kilobots-are- cheap-enough-to-swarm-in-the-thousands  http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/rgs_dissertations/2005/RAND_RGSD 189.pdf  http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/artificial-intelligence/iros-2012-ar- drone-helps-swarm-of-selfassembling-robots-to-overcome-obstacles  http://www.gii.udc.es/devuelve_fichero?nombre=2011_varela_et_all_nabic_aviones.pdf  http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=04722510  http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.74.8689&rep=rep1&typ e=pdf REFERENCES