1. A Self-Report Rating Scale to Screen for Psychiatric Disorders: Reliability and Validity Evidence
Joyce Sprafkin, Ph.D., Kenneth D. Gadow, Ph.D., & Jayne Schneider, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, NY
Table 2
Correlations of ASRI-4 Category Scores With Measures of Selected Disorders
N =116
N = 143
N = 114
ASRI-4 Categories
PTSD Scale
Social Phobia Scale
Bipolar Scale
Anorexia
Antisocial Personality
ADHD:Inattention
ADHD:Hyp-Imp
ADHD: Combined
Borderline Personality
Bulimia
Conduct Disorder
Dissociative Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety
MDD
Manic Episode
Oppositional Defiant
PTSD
Schizoid Personality
Schizophrenia
Social phobia
Somatization Disorder
Substance use
.40c
.48c
.54c
.59c
.79c
.41c
.61c
.77c
.71c
.78c
.44c
.14
.67c
.52c
.29b
.36c
.43c
.33c
.45c
.35c
.27b
.55c
.49c
.51c
.69c
.25b
.18a
.20a
.46c
.38c
.47c
.22a
.37c
.53c
.13
.64c
.26b
.28b
Mean r w/nonspecific categories
.53
.41
.39
a = p<.05, b = p<.01, c = p<.001.
Table 3
Correlations of ASRI-4 Symptom Severity Scores With Brief Symptom Inventory4 Scores
ASRI-4 Categories
Depression
Hostility
Psychotic
Anorexia
Antisocial Personality
ADHD:Inattention
ADHD:Hyp-Imp
ADHD: Combined
Borderline Personality
Bulimia
Conduct Disorder
Dissociative Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety
MDD
Manic Episode
Oppositional Defiant
PTSD
Schizoid Personality
Schizophrenia
Social phobia
Somatization Disorder
Substance use
.34
.44
.45
.39
.47
.66
.31
.35
.55
.60
.28
.40
.62
.37
.64
.04
.51
.52
.72
.29
.57
.54
.36
.68
.63
.25
.23
.48
.69
.33
.38
.41
.49
.58
.42
.59
.02
r > .22, p<.001, N = 276.
Abstract
Table 1
Test-Retest Reliabilities for ASRI-4 Symptom Count (Kappa) and Symptom Severity (r) Scores
ASRI-4 Category
Kappa ra
Anorexia
Antisocial Personality
ADHD:Inattention
ADHD:Hyp-Imp
Borderline Personality
Bulimia
Conduct Disorder
Dissociative Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder
Generalized Anxiety
MDD
Manic Episode
Oppositional Defiant
PTSD
Schizoid Personality
Schizophrenia
Social phobia
Somatization Disorder
Substance use
.58
.53
.45
.49
.24
.75
.64
.43
.55
.61
.16
.35 --
.33
.41
.54
.77
.73
.63
.71
.79
.67
.76
.74
.65
.78
.94
aAll rs significant, p < .001, N = 219.
Objective: There is a need for efficient rating scales to help psychiatrists screen for a wide range of DSM-IV disorders in adults. This study examines the reliability and validity of the Adult Self-Report Inventory-4 (ASRI-4)1.
Method: A community sample of 450 males and 450 females between 18 and 75 years old (M=45.6) anonymously completed the ASRI-4. A subsample (N=219) completed the ASRI-4 a second time 2 weeks later. Other subsamples (N-114 to 276) completed the ASRI-4 and other validated measures that assess similar constructs as the ASRI-4 (PTSD Checklist2; Social Phobia Inventory3; Brief Symptom Inventory4; Mood Disorder Questionnaire5). A sample of 487 psychiatry outpatients also completed the ASRI-4.
Results: Test-retest correlations (symptom severity scores) ranged between .61 and .94, and kappas (symptom count scores) were > .40 with few exceptions (Table 1). Correlations between ASRI-4 categories and the validity-evidence scales showed a fairly predictable pattern of convergence with scales containing similar symptoms and divergence with scales of dissimilar symptoms (Tables 2 & c). Clinic outpatients who received specific diagnoses scored significantly higher than those without such diagnoses on corresponding ASRI-4 categories (Figure 1).
Conclusions: These preliminary findings provide evidence of the reliability and validity of the ASRI-4 as a measure to screen for many psychiatric disorders in adults.
References
1Gadow KD, Sprafkin J, Weiss M (2004). Adult Self-Report Inventory 4 manual. Stony Brook, NY: checkmatePlus. (
2 Blanchard EB, Jones-Alexander J, Buckley TC, Forneris CA. (1996). Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behav. Res. Ther 34:
3 Connor KM, Davidson JF, Churchill LE, Sherwood A, Foa E, Weisler RH. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). British J of Psychiatry 176:
4 Derogatis LF (1993). Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems. (assessments.ncspearson.com).
5 Hirschfeld RM, Williams JB, SpitzerRL, Calabrese JR (2000). Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: The Mood Disorder Questionnaire. Am J Psychiatry 157:
Normative sample participant honoraria funded by Checkmate Plus.