1. Principles of Physics

2.  Forces cause acceleration  Acceleration is a change in velocity with respect to time  Change in velocity results in a change in momentum

3. Newton’s 2 nd Law F net = ma F net = m(v f – v i ) t F net t = m(v f – v i ) impulsechange in (Ns)momentum (kg m/s) 1Ns = 1 kg m/s F net = net force (N) m = mass (kg) (v f – v i )= change in velocity (m/s) t = time (s)

4. Car crashes By increasing the time of the collision the force felt by the passengers is reduced. Airbags cushion the impact (allow impact to take longer) Ft = m(v f – v i ) Why would it be better to hit a hay stack instead of a brick wall? What do catchers allow their arms to move backwards when they catch?

5. A hockey player takes a slap shot, exerting a force of 30 N on a hockey puck for 0.16 s. If the puck had a mass of 0.115 kg and started from rest, what speed does it have as it heads towards the net? Givens: F =30 N t = 0.16 s m = 0.115 kg v i = 0 Ft = m(v f – v i ) (30)(0.16 ) = 0.115(v f – 0) v f = 41.8 m/s

6. Small rockets are used to make small adjustments in speed of satellites. One such rocket has a thrust of 35 N. If it is fired to change velocity of a 72,000 kg spacecraft by 0.63 m/s, how long should it be fired? Givens: F =35 N t = ? m = 72,000 kg (v f – v i ) = 0.63 m/s Ft = m(v f – v i ) (35)(t) = 72,000(0.63) t = 1,296 s = 21.6 min