1. SEALS, GASKETS & SEALANTSP H S A U T O L
SEALS, GASKETS & SEALANTS
Installing Seals
and Gaskets

2. OBJECTIVES Identify common gaskets and seals
Properly install common engine gaskets including cylinder head & valve cover gaskets.
Properly install typical lip seals.

3. PURPOSE OF A GASKET Purpose of a Gasket
To confine; gas, oil, water, vacuum or exhaust
Seal out foreign objects such as; Dirt, Water
Must withstand heat, cold, pressure, erosion, corrosion, moisture and oil

4. GASKET MATERIALS Gasket Materials synthetic rubber cork-rubber
Metal - embossed steel (Corrugated)
paper

5. GASKET MATERIALS
cork-rubber
synthetic rubber/Neoprene

6. GASKET MATERIALS
embossed steel (Corrugated)
paper

7. WHAT CAUSES LEAKS Causes of leakage, Worn or damaged seals
Worn or damaged gaskets
Worn or bent parts or shafts
Fasteners over tighten or to loose
wrong parts or gaskets
nicks or burrs
Improper installation

8. Gasket Replacement
When Replacing gaskets ask yourself , "Why did this gasket fail"
List different things to look for.
Did the gasket fail suddenly or over a period of time?
Check the Torque
is it to Tight
is it to Loose

9. Do both surfaces match up
Check for warp is the valve cover bent or the bolt holes pulled through
Do both surfaces match up
Examine the gasket very close, are the holes in the same spot
Gasket Replacement

10. Gasket Replacement If you just replace the gasket it may go out again.
Also some Bolts need to be checked for torque for example some head gaskets need to be retorqued.
When installing gaskets check the manufactures instructions for the proper procedures.

11. GASKET INSTALLATION Follow instructions.
Thoroughly clean & dry the mating surface.
Match to the old gasket.
Check for proper fit. Is it the right shape, do the bolt holes all line up.
Never reuse gaskets.
Ask yourself, Do you need Sealer. Use high tack or 3M Weather stripping to hold in place. Only use Silicone on mating lines and where two gasket are joined together, like on valve covers.

12. GASKET INSTALLATION Note where sealer is to be applied.
Thanks to Alldata for picture

13. GASKET INSTALLATION
Use alcohol or brake clean on a clean rag to wipe the oil off of the gasket surface
Is the surface dry
Tighten in steps
Use the torque pattern when tightening
Torque to proper specs
Use a quality gasket, saving a buck or two on a cheap gasket or trying to reuse a gasket is not worth it.

14. CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
When tightening a cylinder head gasket that is not torque to Yield it is best to tighten in steps. How much should you go, my rule of thumb has been if under 60 lbs. Tighten in 2 steps. If over 60 lbs. tighten in three steps. For example if it is to be tighten to 100 foot lbs. Tighten in this sequence 35 – 70 – 100.
Many other bolts are to be tighten in steps check the specifications for the car.

15. CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
Must be capable of withstanding tremendous heat and pressure.

16. CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
Follow gasket makers instructions on whether or not to use a sealant. Most want you to just clean and dry the surface.
What type of sealant and how much? Most head gaskets do not want any sealant. If you have an aluminum head and a cast iron block (sometimes referred to as a bi-metal engine) it will expand at different rates, if you use a sealant you are going to have a leak. Most manufactures will use a graphite gasket to allow for motion during the expansion.

17. CYLINDER HEAD GASKET Run a tap or thread chaser in bolt holes.
Multi-layer steel gasket

18. CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
Always tighten the bolts in the correct sequence look at the pattern.

19. CYLINDER HEAD GASKET
Look at the pattern, starts in the center and rotates out.

20. USING STRAIGHTEDGE
Check in several directions what is the specifications?
How much can be taken off?

21. Torque to Yield Bolts
Torque to yield (TTY) bolts are used in many engines today, the bolts need to be replaced. When installing them you need to have them clean and oiled then tighten to manufacture’s preload setting. Then tightened them in a series of stages usually about 90 degree’s at a time.

22. Torque to Yield Bolts
Bolts stretch, they are elastic most of the time they will return to their original shape. But on Cylinder heads to keep the right tension on the head they stretch almost to the breaking point. If you try to reuse them they will break.
There is a lot more information on the internet. Research it out.

23. Torque to Yield Bolts
Never reuse a torque to yield bolt. They are beyond their elastic range, past their yield point and will break.
A example would be for a Torque to yield (TTY) bolt when installing them you would torque them down to 35 foot pounds then tighten an additional 70 degrees.
Every car is different check the manual.

24. If your not familiar with a degree wheel, Learn it.
90 is ¼ Turn
180 is ½ Turn
Etc.

25. Torque Angle Gauge

26. Where do gaskets go?

27. VALVE COVER GASKETS Check cover flanges for straightness.
Use load spreaders when available.
Do not use a sealant. Use high tack or 3M Weather stripping to hold in place.

28. Some times referred to as a camshaft cover
VALVE COVER GASKETS
Some times referred to as a camshaft cover

29. VALVE COVER GASKETS

30. INTAKE MANIFOLD GASKETS
Steel
Paper

31. Exhaust Rings called Exhaust Doughnuts
EXHAUST GASKETS
Ring
Doughnut
Exhaust Rings called Exhaust Doughnuts
fiber facing material on one side and perforated steel on the other. Fiber surface against the head, Steel on the manifold.

32. Molded gaskets, oil pan and intake manifold
OIL PAN GASKETS
Rear main seal
Molded gaskets, oil pan and intake manifold

33. Rope rear main seal

34. Rear main seal

35. VALVE STEM SEALS
Deflector seals usually called umbrella seals that move with the valve and Positive Seals attach to the valve boss and GM O-rings

36. VALVE STEM SEALS
umbrella seals
Deflect the oil
valve

37. VALVE STEM SEALS
Positive Seals attach to the valve guide.

38. SEALS
We have come along way from the old felt & leather seal. Most seals today are made of Nitrile. Some Seals are made of Viton, Silicone, or Polyacrylics. For more information on what seals are made of go to the CR website to find out.
The first job of the seal is to keep the oil in and the dirt out but it can also be used to separate fluids and to with stand different pressures. Proper installation and inspection is very important

39. SEALS
Seals can be
Spring-loaded
Springless
Single-lip
Multi-lip

40. SEALS
SKF New web site

41. SEALS
A. The flexible material component of the seal which produces the lip. In this design there is only one lip, the primary sealing lip. B. The outer shell of the seal holds the seal in place. C. The garter spring (found in most seal designs) is a coiled wire spring that provides a controlled radial load over time.

42. SEAL INSTALLATION
Inspect the shaft that the seal rides on it might be bent or damaged. You may have to install a sleeve or clean up with crocus cloth or replace with a new part

43. SEAL INSTALLATION Install with lip (and garter spring) toward liquid.
Lubricate lip before installation.
Use sealant on the outside of steel seals.
Use a seal installer.

44. Check out the power point on seals and seal failures

45. Speedi-Sleeve shaft repair
Clean and measure the diameter of the worn shaft

46. Speedi-Sleeve shaft repair
Place the sleeve on the shaft then put on the installation tool

47. Speedi-Sleeve shaft repair
Hammer or press the sleeve onto the shaft far enough to cover the worn area

48. USING SEALANTS Use proper sealant for application.
Do not use a sealant unless specified in service manual or by gasket manufacturer.
Types of sealants
Hard drying like 3M Weather stripping or a glue to keep a gasket in place
Aerobic (RTV)cures when exposed to air
Anaerobic cure after the components are put together (Thread lockers)

49. Aerobic (RTV) - Silicone Sealant
RTV - Room Temperature Vulcanizing
Replaces most gaskets
forms a rubber seal by absorbing moisture in the air
Sets in about ten minutes Dries in about 2 hours fully cures in 24 hours.
Cure times will vary with Temperature, Humidity, and size of the gap

50. Aerobic (RTV) - Silicone Sealant
Blue is the most common color but also comes in Black, gray, bronze,clear, red and white(white is for the bathroom)

51. Aerobic (RTV) - Silicone Sealant
Make sure that it is O2 Sensor safe if used around the engine
Do not use around Gasoline
Clean and dry surface before using
When using around bolt holes go all the way around the hole.

52. Thread lockers Anaerobic cures after the components are put together
Locks Bolts & Studs against Vibration loosening
Clean and dry all parts removing dirt, oil, grease and/or any foreign material

53. # could be different due to size of bottle
Thread lockers
Four colors
Use on screws up to ¼ - Purple
# 242 Able to Remove up to 3/4" Bolts - Blue
# 271 High Strength Hard to Remove up to 1" Dia. - Red
# 290 Wicking Grade for Preassembled Parts - Green
# could be different due to size of bottle

54. Purple Thread lockers Low strength Use on screws up to ¼
Applied BEFORE Assembly
Carburetors, relay locks, headlamps, throttle body assembly, choke assembly and fuel injection set screws, body panel mounting fasteners

55. Blue Thread lockers Applied BEFORE Assembly
Medium Strength for all bolts ¼ or larger
Able to Remove with hand tools
Prevents parts from loosening from vibration
Protects threads from corrosion
Recommend for valve cover bolts,rocker arm nuts, carburetor studs, motorcycle, jet skis snowmobiles etc.
Applied BEFORE Assembly

56. Red Thread lockers Applied BEFORE Assembly
High Strength Hard to Remove
Works well for studs and press fit
Locks against heavy vibration
Requires extra effort to remove or special tools like heat
OEM specified as 271
Applied BEFORE Assembly

57. Green Thread lockers Wicking Grade for Pre-assembled Parts
Use on Calibration and adjustment screws
Applied AFTER Assembly
OEM specified as 290
There is also a Green High Strength for sleeves

58. Thread / Pipe Sealant Liquid Teflon
Thread Sealant for metal tapered pipe threads and fittings, replaces teflon tape
Suggested applications
Stainless steel fittings, head bolts into through holes (water Jacket), oil PSI sending units/sensors, oil and coolant lines, intake manifold switches, rear axle fill plug, fuel fittings

59. Teflon Tape
Prevents leaks Just wrap tape around threads on pipes that carry air or liquid
Use on stainless, aluminum, plastic, iron, copper, or brass.

60. O-Rings
O-rings come in several sizes the most common standard sizes are /16, 3/32, 1/8, 3/16, 1/4

61. O-Rings
O-Rings come in several shapes an O being the most common but you can find others in D shape, Square-ring and a modified X.
O-Rings also come in different types of materials make sure what you are using is compatible with the fluid it is next to.

62. Thanks to Federal Mogul for some of the pictures and
The End
For this little leak
Thanks to Federal Mogul for some of the pictures and