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Time and Stress Management

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Presentation on theme: "Time and Stress Management"— Presentation transcript:

1 Time and Stress Management

2 What Is Stress? Stress Stressors
Psychological, Emotional, Physiological Response Stressors Threatening Environmental Conditions

3 Why Is Stress Management Important?
Organizational Costs Individual Costs Health Impairment Job Burnout Performance Decline

4 Exhibit 6.1: Relationship Between Stress and Job Performance

5 Stress in Canada Region
% as “stressed as they could handle” “on the way to overwhelmed” Alberta 38 Atlantic Canada 41 British Columbia 37 Ontario 39 The Prairies 32 Quebec 64

6 The most stressful jobs
1. US President 2. Firefighter 3. Senior executive 12. Public relations 16. Advertising account executive 74.6 20. Stockbroker 42. Advertising sales 50. College Professor 103. Market research analyst 104. Personnel 173. Accountant 245. Actuary

7 Some facts 25% of white collar workers and 40% of blue collar workers had a stress-related absence in 1998 at a cost of $12 billion One in three Canadians bet claims to be a workaholic The rate of physical and psychological assaults on women in the workplace is 19% higher in Canada than in the US. For men the rate is 400% higher.

8 Anticipatory, Encounter,Time, Situational Physiological, Psychological
Experiencing stress STRESSORS Anticipatory, Encounter,Time, Situational REACTIONS Physiological, Psychological RESILIENCY Physical Psychological Social

9 Exhibit 6.2: Model of the Stress Management Process
Potential Stressors Personal Factors Family problems Financial problems Health problems Organizational Factors High stress occupation Job role Overload Under-utilization Role ambiguity Role conflict Responsibility for others Job Environment Poor working conditions Organizational politics Poor work relationships Environmental Factors Economic Uncertainty Technological Change Politics Experienced Stress (SYMPTOM AWARENESS) Consequences Psychological Heart Disease Ulcers Headaches Emotional Anxiety Depression Burnout Behavioral Aggression Productivity Avoidance Successful Coping High self esteem Goal accomplishment Feeling of well being Stress Management Individual Seek help Time management Change jobs Build resiliency Personality Companionship Experience Health (Exercise, diet) Relaxation Recreation Organizational Job Design Selection & Placement Training & Mentoring Team Building Employee Assistance Communicating Wellness Promotion

10 Managing Stress: Objectives
Becoming Aware of Negative Stress Symptoms Determining the Sources Determining the Cause And then… Cope temporarily with the stress Eliminate stressors Develop resiliency

11 How Can Awareness of Stress Symptoms Be Enhanced?
Physical Symptoms Psychological Substitutes Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always Constant fatigue [] [] [] [] [] Low energy level [] [] [] [] [] Recurring headaches [] [] [] [] [] Gastrointestinal disorders [] [] [] [] [] Bad breath [] [] [] [] [] Sweaty hands or feet [] [] [] [] [] Dizziness [] [] [] [] [] High blood pressure [] [] [] [] [] Pounding heart [] [] [] [] []

12 Sources of Stress Major Organizational Stressors
High-stress Occupations Job Role Interpersonal Relationships Major Personal Stressors Family Problems Financial Problems Health Problems Personality Major Environmental Stressors Economic Uncertainty Political Uncertainties Technological Change

13 Types of Stressors: Causes
Time Encounter Situational Anticipatory

14 Temporary coping mechanisms
Managing Stress Eliminate Stressors Develop Resiliency Temporary coping mechanisms Permanent effects Long term Short term Enactive approach Proactive approach Reactive approach Long time required Moderate time required Immediate

15 Resiliency: Physiological Social Psychological
Cardiovascular conditioning Proper diet Social Supportive relations Mentors teamwork Psychological Balanced lifestyle Hardy personality Small wins strategy Relaxation techniques

16 Short term strategies Reframing Imagery

17 Types of stressors and what we can do about them
Time Stressors Work overload Lack of control Elimination Strategies Principles of time management Delegation

18 Eliminating time stressors: Time management
“Effective time management can enable managers to gain control over their time and organize their fragmented, chaotic environment.”

19 Effective time management means…
Spending time on important, not just urgent matters Distinguishing clearly between importance and urgency Focusing on results not methods Not feeling guilty when saying no

20 Effective time management
URGENCY High Low High IMPORTANCE Low

21 80/20 Rule Activities Time Spent Results Trivial % 20% Vital % 80%

22 Efficient time management
Too little time; too much to do How do I get more done?

23 Schedule Schedule Activities Horizontal Scheduling Vertical Scheduling
Directing and Controlling

24 Rules Read selectively Make lists Everything in its place Prioritize
Multitask the routine Discretionary task jar Divide up the big jobs Critical 20% Best time for important jobs Arrange non-interrupted time Don’t procrastinate Keep track of time Set deadlines Use waiting time Designate time for busy work Closure on one thing a day Schedule personal time Limit worry time Long term objectives Continuous improvement

25 Tips for managers Hold routine meetings at end of day Set time limit
Hold meetings only if needed Agendas, minutes Start on time Paper work decisions Organize Limit interruptions

26 Delegate Empowerment: allow for initiative Give credit to those who deserve it

27 Types of stressors and what we can do about them
Encounter Stressors: Role Conflicts Issue Interaction Elimination Strategies: Delegation Interpersonal skills Conflict resolution Resilience Social support; Collaboration Self awareness EQ

28 Types of stressors and what we can do about them
Situational Stressors: Unfavourable working conditions Rapid change Elimination Strategies: Work redesign Changing jobs Short term Strategies resiliency

29 Work redesign Level of task demand
Level of autonomy (individual control & discretion) Level of interest Feedback

30 Types of stressors and what we can do about them
Anticipatory Stressors: Unpleasant expectations Fear Elimination Strategies: Time management Priorities; planning Short term strategies Resiliency

31 Stress and Self awareness
Values Attitude towards change Cognitive style Interpersonal orientation

32 “There is more to life than increasing its speed.”
Mahatma Gandhi


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