1. Signaling System 7 Slide 1 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7 1. PSTN and TDM 2. SS7 State of the Technology 3. Future Trends in Signaling and Networks

2. Signaling System 7 Slide 2 Presenter: Bob Wright Objectives ä Define the role signaling plays in a network ä Compare the different types of applications which use SS7 ä Describe at least one type of call flow through the network using SS7, typical of long distance calling ä Describe how SS7 enables Local Number Portability (LNP) and cellular roaming

3. Signaling System 7 Slide 3 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7 40% ä Pre-SS7 - Per-trunk signaling (PTS) - Tones or multiple frequencies (MF) - Trunk provides monitoring and supervision - Signaling within the talk path CO A Class 5 Office CO B Class 4 Office CO C Class 4 Office CO D Class 5 Office MF Trunk #55 MF Trunk #92 MF Trunk #1221 973-XXX-5678 972-516-1234

4. Signaling System 7 Slide 4 Presenter: Bob Wright

5. Signaling System 7 Slide 5 Presenter: Bob Wright

6. Signaling System 7 Slide 6 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7 ä Making a call over the Public Switched Telephone Network - Off hook - Dial some digits - Talk to someone anywhere in the world - Network figures out where to route the call Set up call instantly Tear down the call as quickly - Behind the scene is the backbone of signaling systems - Subsecond call setup and teardown is the goal ä Evolution of signaling systems - Legacy systems - Common Channel Interoffice Signaling System Number 7 - Save time and money on the network - Introduce new features and functions in an intelligent network

7. Signaling System 7 Slide 7 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7: Purposes ä Some Purposes of SS7 Network l Look ahead to determine status of called number, reserving not occupying the talk path l 1 second call set up and tear down l Integration of supervision, monitoring, billing systems l Enable introduction of additional features and capabilities l Access remote data bases, look up and translate information from 800 and 900 calls l Marry various stored program-controlled systems in the world

8. Signaling System 7 Slide 8 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7: Why Out-of-Band? ä Advantages over in-band signaling l Enables transport of more data at higher speeds (56 Kbps, faster than MF) l Enables signaling at any time in the entire duration of the call l Enables signaling to network elements to which no direct trunk connection is available (Advanced Intelligent Networks)

9. Signaling System 7 Slide 9 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7: Architecture Components Components Signal Switching Points (SSP) are telephone switches that generally originate, terminate, or switch calls, the node that provides dial tone. Signal Transfer Points (STP) are the packet switches of the SS7 network. Signal Control Points (SCP) are the databases that provide information necessary for advanced call- processing capabilities. STP SSP SCP

10. Signaling System 7 Slide 10 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7 Basic call setup Voice Circuit STP SS7 LINKS 1a. IAM 1b. IAM 2a. ACM 2b. ACM 3a. ANM 3b. ANM 4a. REL 4b. REL 5a. RLC 5b. RLC IAM initial address message 1 3 ANM answer message (initiate billing) 4 REL release message, cause 2 ACM address complete message 5 RLC release complete message (terminate billing) * CONVERSATION TAKES PLACE STP SSP

11. Signaling System 7 Slide 11 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7: Architecture ä SS7 Architecture Basic Quad LINKS

12. Signaling System 7 Slide 12 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7 ä SS7 Applications l 800/888/877/866/900 services l Enhancements in 800/888/877/866 call centers l 911 enhancements l Class features l Calling card toll fraud prevention l Credit card approval, authentication l Software/virtual defined private networks l Call tracing l Call blocking

13. Signaling System 7 Slide 13 Presenter: Bob Wright

14. Signaling System 7 Slide 14 Presenter: Bob Wright LNP and Signaling System 7 ä Three phases of LNP l Service provider portability: change telco, keep same number l Service portability: want services not available at local end office, change switch, keep same telco, keep same number l Location portability: customer moves far away from area serviced by telco, the further the more technical challenge to LNP, keeping same number

15. Signaling System 7 Slide 15 Presenter: Bob Wright LNP and Signaling System 7 ä Telecommunications Act 1996 goal: l seamless and transparent comunications for the consumer, with a choice of providers ä Major issues l Explain why the FCC is so adamant about using LNP l explain the need to preserve our telephone numbering systems l physical interconnection l settlements between carriers for access and co- carrier charges

16. Signaling System 7 Slide 16 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7 and Key points of LNP ä Demand for LNP and differences between wireline and wireless carriers for LNP l Wireless churn and fraud l Location NP - Database dips (LECs, ILECs, IECs and CLECs) - 911 issues - Billing issues ä Describe the new components of LNP architecture

17. Signaling System 7 Slide 17 Presenter: Bob Wright LNP and Signaling System 7 ä Basic LNP Networks

18. Signaling System 7 Slide 18 Presenter: Bob Wright LNP and Signaling System 7 ä Wireline E-911 ANI = automatic number ID AMA = automatic message accounting CAMA = Centralized AMA PSAP = public safety answer point ALI = automatic location information

19. Signaling System 7 Slide 19 Presenter: Bob Wright LNP and Signaling System 7 ä Wireless E-911 PSAP = public safety answer point GPS to locate caller ALI = automatic location information, and x,y coordinates

20. Signaling System 7 Slide 20 Presenter: Bob Wright

21. Signaling System 7 Slide 21 Presenter: Bob Wright SS7 and Roaming Capabilities ä Mobile registration MSC= mobile switching center VLR = visiting location register HLR= home location register

22. Signaling System 7 Slide 22 Presenter: Bob Wright SS7 and Roaming Capabilities ä Incoming call to idle mobile set

23. Signaling System 7 Slide 23 Presenter: Bob Wright Signal System 7 Summary ä Summary on SS7 l Call setup, administration, and tear down have changed to an out-of-band separate signaling system called SS7 l The SS7 architecture makes it possible to reduce costs, implement many new applications, and integrate wired and wireless networks l SS7 makes it possible to implement LNP and roaming, two essential services for subscribers and businesses

24. Signaling System 7 Slide 24 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7: Change Management and Leadership Issues ä LNP implementation issues l Coordination between telcos - Scheduling - Installation responsibilities l Customer care end to end l E911 problems, especially wireless ä Roaming services l Mode: analog, CDMA, GSM l Applications: voice, data, video l Billing and customer care ä Who is in charge? l Telcos large and small l Government l Subscriber

25. Signaling System 7 Slide 25 Presenter: Bob Wright

26. Signaling System 7 Slide 26 Presenter: Bob Wright Future trends in networking and signaling ä The Move Towards All IP Networks ä Forecasted explosion in data traffic ä Internet protocol (IP) networks such as long term evolution (LTE) ä Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX).

27. Signaling System 7 Slide 27 Presenter: Bob Wright Future trends in networking and signaling ä Economic – the need to reduce data transport costs. ä a hedge against becoming a bit pipe ä reducing data transport costs, MNOs could operate a data network profitably. ä IP-based protocols also open the door for MNOs to deploy advanced IP- based messaging services ä reduce equipment deployment

28. Signaling System 7 Slide 28 Presenter: Bob Wright Future trends in networking and signaling ä SS7 could help the Internet by providing: l Improved reliability: extensive continuity testing, access switch automatically signals the network to reroute the calls to another switch without affecting the service l Better bandwidth utilization: SS7 signaling takes place out-of-band l Load balancing: more efficient use of ISP equipment and no busy signal

29. Signaling System 7 Slide 29 Presenter: Bob Wright Future trends in networking and signaling ä IMS enables wireless convergence (IP Multimedia Subsystem) based on a 3GPP variant of SIP ä Year 2002 wireless subscribers exceeded wireline globally ä IMS relies on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to establish and maintain call control ä SIP is becoming the signaling protocol of choice for VoIP ä SIP brings with it the advantage of presence to multimedia, concurrent sessions

30. Signaling System 7 Slide 30 Presenter: Bob Wright Future trends in networking and signaling ä LTE is part of the GSM evolutionary path beyond 3G technology, following EDGE, UMTS, HSPA (HSDPA and HSUPA combined) and HSPA Evolution (HSPA+) EDGEUMTSHSPAHSDPA HSUPAHSPA+ EDGEUMTSHSPAHSDPA HSUPAHSPA+ ä LTE overall objective is to provide an extremely high performance radio- access technology that offers full vehicular speed mobility, ä LTE assumes a full Internet Protocol (IP) network architecture

31. Signaling System 7 Slide 31 Presenter: Bob Wright Future trends in networking and signaling ä Network Interconnection & Roaming

32. Signaling System 7 Slide 32 Presenter: Bob Wright ä Application data bases and scalability ä Provisioning and Database Synch Future trends in networking and signaling

33. Signaling System 7 Slide 33 Presenter: Bob Wright ä Mobile Tweet Publishing Architecture Future trends in networking and signaling

34. Signaling System 7 Slide 34 Presenter: Bob Wright Future trends in networking and signaling ä Efficient SMS-Based Tweet Delivery ä Using FDA (First Delivery Attempt)

35. Signaling System 7 Slide 35 Presenter: Bob Wright CONCLUSIONS ä SS7 over IP is the evolution for signaling ä Star shaped network ä Clear migration path to IMS ä Centralized implementation ä Predictable and reliable network performance ä Architecture must be robust, able to cover hugh network performance requirements

36. Signaling System 7 Slide 36 Presenter: Bob Wright Signaling System 7: Research to Prepare ä Thank you very much. l Careers l Software, hardware l Many aspects of network configuration l Revenue generation and protection ä Robert B Wright