1. REFERENCING INTERNET WEBSITES (MLA)

2. Today we are going to learn how to write MLA style references or citations for websites. Hello. I am a tarantula. I make beautiful webs & I never bite unless you step on me.

3. MLA means Modern Language Association. HCT students use the referencing format from MLA.

4. An online tool to format references (so you don’t have to) is NoodleTools from HCT Databases library.hct.ac.ae library.hct.ac.ae Click Resources then Databases. Or, go to www.easybib.com

5. But, it is always a good idea to learn how to write the references yourself. Because, someday the Internet might be down or your computer may crash.

6. 1. Websites directly from the Internet. 2. Websites from HCT databases. Today we will talk about only websites from the Internet. There are 2 kinds of websites you will write references for.

7. Some web pages have a great feature called “Cite this page.” Always look carefully for this feature is; it will save you a lot of work. Copy and paste into your document.

8. For example, Wikipedia has this feature. On the left, under Toolbox, link to “Cite this page.”

9. Scroll down to MLA style. Copy and paste into your document. Note : Because Wikipedia is not written by only one person there is no author in a Wikipedia citation.

10. You need the following information in this order : What about Internet websites with no “Cite this page” feature? 1.Author (Last name, first name, initial). 2.“Title of the page or article.” 3.Name of the website. 4.Date page was published or updated. 5.Publisher or owner of website. 6.Date you found the page 7.

11. If no author is noted, start with the title of the article or webpage. Think carefully about these 3 things 1.The title of the article or page 2.The title of the entire website 3.The publisher of the website Do not confuse them. Sometimes the publisher’s name is the same as the title but not always. Do not write the publisher if it is the same as the title.

12. Let’s write a citation for this webpage. There is no author noted, so we begin with the title of the page. www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/ae.html

13. Here is how you format the webpage title. “United Arab Emirates.” Quotation mark. Space Dot inside quotation mark Quotation mark Capital letters & punctuation same as original

14. Next is the name of the entire website. The World Factbook. Keep the same capital letters as the original Underline Dot. Space. Note : It is also correct to use italic letters instead of the underline.

15. Next add the date the website was published. This date is usually at the bottom. It may say, “Last updated…” 23 Oct. 2008. Date. Space Year Dot. Space. Month, sometimes abbreviated with a dot. Space.

16. For some months, write an abbreviation instead of the full word. Jan. = January Feb. = February Mar. = March Apr. = April May = May June = June July = July Aug.= August Sept.= September Oct. = October Nov.= November Dec.= December Use a dot after abbreviations.

17. But, if you do not see this date anywhere on a page, write n.d. which means “Not dated.” Good websites always show a last updating date. In fact, this is one way you can know if a website has accurate information.

18. Next is the owner or publisher of the website; this may be a company, a university or a government agency. Central Intelligence Agency. Keep the same capital letters as the original. No underline. No quotation marks. Dot. Space.

19. Now, put the date that you found or accessed the webpage. Format the same as the webpage date except there is no dot after the year. 3 Nov. 2008 Date. Space. Year Space. No dot. Month, sometimes abbreviated with a dot. Space.

20. Last, put the URL.. Dot Exact URL Angle bracket

21. McKinney, Amrita Z. Middle initial (if included). Dot. Space First name, space. Dot if no initial. Comma, space Family name This webpage did not have an author. Here is how you format the author’s name if there is one.

22. Here is the complete citation for an Internet website. “United Arab Emirates." The World Factbook. 23 Oct. 2008. Central Intelligence Agency. 3 Nov. 2008 <www.cia.gov/library/publications/ the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html>. Indent 5 spaces or tab over after the first line. Double space between every line.

23. Just a few more things you need to know. When you write your list : Do not number your references or use bullets. Use alphabetical order. Left justify the first line & indent all other lines. Double space between every line in a reference and between each reference.

24. Here is an example of a reference list : no numbers or bullets for entries, alphabetical order, first line left justified, other lines indented and double spacing. “Bahrain.” The World Factbook. 23 Oct. 2008. Central Intelligence Agency. 3 Nov. 2008. “Oman.” The World Factbook. 23 Oct. 2008. Central Intelligence Agency. 3 Nov. 2008. “United Arab Emirates." The World Factbook. 23 Oct. 2008. Central Intelligence Agency. 3 Nov. 2008.

25. If you have any format questions : www.mla.org/style/styl e_faq/style_faq4 I hope this helps you understand how to write references for websites. And, remember www.easybib.com www.easybib.com

26. Another great website for format questions : library.hct.ac.ae/screens/ cite.html library.hct.ac.ae/screens/ cite.html This is the Official HCT Webpage about citing sources.

27. HAPPY WRITING ! Thank you for listening.