1. Codes, Computers & Instant Communication Amazing possibilities in science, engineering, and technology Developed for CWSE-ON © Melanie Veltman 2011

2. Science, Engineering and Technology revolutionize the world we live in Image source: http://www.ecologiae.com/fotovoltaico- agevolazioni-ridotte-2011/17736/ Image Source: http://www.mikesalway.com.au/2008/11/19/ Image Source: http://www.inhabitat.com/wp- content/uploads/cellphones.jpg Image Source: http://www.johnehrenfeld.com/2009/03/

3. What do scientists, engineers, and technologists do?

4. Build DesignTest

5. Image Source: http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01 /health/adam/19237.jpg Build DesignTest

6. Image Source: http://prochoiceva.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/ice-cream-cones.jpg Image Source: http://artedi.ebc.uu.se/course/BioInfo-MN1- 2006/projects/katarzyna/bioinformatics.jpg Image courtesy Bethany Deyell Image Source: http://www.thompsoncc.ca/images http://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/images/forensic-sci ence-ebooks.jpg

7. Scientists, Engineers, and Technologists Image Source: http://popsci.typepad.com/photos/uncateg orized/2007/07/27/frink.gif Image Source:northernbeaches webdesigns.com.au Image Source: http://www.thatsamess.com Image Source: www.nerdsonsite.caImage Source: www.geeksquad.ca

8. Many of us use computer science, engineering, and technology every day Every day things?

9. Codes, Computers & Instant Communication

10. Number Systems are Codes Decimal System Base 10 10 choices: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Image Source: http://evansmediagroup.com/2011/01/

11. Representing a Number with Base 10 – The Decimal System tens of thousands hundredstensones 25708 Remember- this number is a sum: 5 ten thousands + 2 thousands + 7 hundreds + 0 tens + 8 ones (5 x 10 000) + (2 x 1000) + (7 x 100) + (0 x 10) + (8 x 1) = 52 708

12. Two Choice Number System What if we only had two choices? OFF or ON Image: http://digitalization.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/fiber-optic.jpg http://digitalization.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/fiber-optic.jpg Image: http://www.georgeaugustkoch.com/ImageFolder/Circuitboard.jpg Image: http://www.cnet.co.uk/i/c/blg/cat/blog/off_switches/3.jpg

13. sixteenseightsfourstwosones 1010101010 01110 This number is a sum: ( 1 sixteen + 0 eights + 1 four + 1 two + 0 ones) 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 22 sixteenseightsfourstwosones Base 2 – the Binary System

14. sixteenseightsfourstwosones 1010101010 01110 This number is a sum: ( 1 sixteen + 0 eights + 1 four + 1 two + 0 ones) 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 22 sixteenseightsfourstwosones Base 2 – the Binary System

15. What about Text?

16. 01101000 01101001 00100000 01101101 01100101 01101100 01100001 01101110 01101001 01100101 00100001 hi melanie! hi melanie!01100001 = a Standard based on 8 bits (a byte) Allows 256 unique codes, from 0 - 255 ASCII Code for Text

18. Representing Pictures in Binary Picture Elements arePIXELS

19. 9 x 9 pixels How could we code this in binary ?

20. 111100111 110001110 101000100 000000000 100000110 110000111 111110011 111111011 111110011

21. So many pixels! Standard Photo: 1600 x 1200 =1 920 000 pixels ! MEGA Pixels ! We need to store image information in a more efficient code 1200 1600 Image Source: http://www.ist.tugraz.at/steinbauer/nao_game.jpg

22. 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 E ABCDEFG D AA F 1 0 E 0 E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E 0 F 1 0 D 0 F 1 1 A D G A A G Ziv Lempel coding D

23. Binary code: 81 bits Ziv-Lempel code: 45 bits Close to 50% savings!

24. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R 01110000000000001110 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R Chunk Size: 4

27. Write the most efficient CODE Rows OR columns Any chunk size EFFICIENCY = fewest number of characters A B C D E F G H J Row 1: 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Row 2: 1 A E A 1 0 Row 3: Row 4: … A E A 1 1 0

29. How do they work?

30. Might Science, Engineering, or Technology be for you? Image Source; http://www.csuri.com SCIENCE If you don’t make mistakes, you’re doing it wrong.

31. If you … are creative Image Source: http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2214/2400162762_2421863469.jpg

32. … like problem solving Image Source: http://www.lilgeekshop.net/e107_plugins/kroozearcade_menu/games/tetris.gif

33. … care about the future of our planet Image Source: http://www.newlaunches.com/entry_images/0907/05/klm.php

34. Admission Requirements College (Technology)  Applied OR Academic Level Science & Math Level Science & Math University (Science, Engineering)  Academic Level Science, Math, English Science, Math, English

35. NUMERACY is as important as LITERACY! Greater effort = greater results!

36. Thank you! What will you do with your future?