1. NOAA Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Program Strategy & Arctic Collaboration “Alaska is our aircraft carrier in the Arctic!” John “JC” Coffey NOAA UAS Program Office 10 September 2013

2. Purpose and Outline NOAA UAS Strategic Vision and Roadmap Arctic Missions & Future Challenges & Success!

3. Unmanned Flight I t is not new!!! 1862 Balloons (manned) used to survey Civil War battlefields 1903 Wright Brothers manned flight 1923 First radio controlled flight 1944 First use of a cruise missile in combat 1946 First UAV used in the science research role 1959 First UAV used in the reconnaissance role 1998 First trans-Atlantic crossing by an unmanned aircraft (Aerosonde) 2001 First trans-Pacific crossing by an unmanned aircraft (Global Hawk) 2013 Balloon used to survey Central Park, NY (Digital Design & Imaging Services)

4. Concept of Operations Why Unmanned Systems? Dirty, Dull, Dangerous, Denied Efficient, Effective, Economical & Environmentally Friendly Prolific because: –Command and Control improvement –Propulsion improvements –Sensor miniaturization –Remote operations –Timely operations –Economic benefits

5. NOAA UAS Strategic Vision and Goals Vision –UAS will revolutionize NOAA observing strategies by 2015 comparable to the introduction of satellite and radar assets decades earlier Goals –Goal 1: Increase UAS observing capacity –Goal 2: Develop high science-return UAS missions High impact weather monitoring, Polar monitoring Marine monitoring –Goal 3: Transition cost-effective, operationally feasible UAS solutions into routine operations 5

6. NASA/NOAA Arctic Global Hawk UAS Missions NASA / NOAA Global Hawk Pacific (2010) First Global Hawk science mission Flights spanned 12 to 85 deg N Latitudes NOAA Corp Officer becomes first certified NASA Global Hawk pilot NASA Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (2010) First Global Hawk flights over tropical cyclones Real-time data delivery NOAA Winter Storm Pacific and Atmospheric Rivers (2011) First operational dropsonde deployment, 177 sondes total First dropsonde in the Arctic since 1950s NASA Hurricane Severe Storm Sentinel (2012 – 2013) Three-year experiment deploying 2 Global Hawks 2011 test flight comparison of G-IV and Global Hawk dropsondes shows very good agreement First East Coast deployment of Global Hawk Three NOAA Corps certified pilots and maintenance crew Dropsonde data delivered in real-time to National Hurricane Center

7. NASA Hurricane Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) Experiment 7 Environment Observations Profiles of temperature, humidity, wind, and pressure (AVAPS) Cloud top height (CPL) Cloud top temperature and profiles of temperature and humidity (S-HIS) Over-storm Observations Doppler velocity, horizontal winds, and ocean surface winds (HIWRAP) Profiles of temperature and humidity and total precipitable water (HAMSR) Ocean surface winds and rai n (HIRAD)

8. USCGC Icebreaker Healy & PUMA Mission & Science Objectives Sept 7-23, 2013 The demonstration will utilize Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and Government-Off-The-Shelf (GOTS) technologies, from the USCG Icebreaking Cutter HEALY to demonstrate the ability to respond to oil spills in the Arctic. Six specific components will be evaluated including: 1.Unmanned Aircraft System (NOAA & University of Alaska PUMA AE UAS) 2.Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute SeaBED UUV) 3.Oil Recovery Skimmer (National Strike Force’s Helix skimmer) 4.Remotely Operated Vehicle (PAC Area’s VideoRay Pro 4 ROV ) 5.Ruttar Radar system (Rutter Radar) 6.NOAA’s Environmental Response Management Application (NOAA)

9. USCG Icebreaker Healy Arctic Monitoring Mission

10. MIZOPEX FY13 (July 10-August 10, 2013) Science Objectives (Goal) Fly a combination of different types of remote sensing instruments over the marginal ice zone off the North Slope, along with deploying small buoys to measure ocean conditions. (Objectives) Assess ocean and sea ice variability during the melt season. (Outcome) The data will be used to investigate: -Amount and distribution of heat in the ocean mixed layer -Relationships between atmospheric conditions and solar heating -Sea ice characteristics and relationships to melt rates and change -Validation and improvement of satellite-derived products for sea surface temperature, ice concentration and ice type, thickness and roughness.

11. MIZOPEX Mission Location Oliktok Point, AK Oliktok Point Alaska, Oliktok Long Range Radar Site, USAF-PAC- VNMH-13 Oliktok Point Ice

12. Issues & Barriers to Success Unmanned Systems have been “Wildly successful!” Plenty of issues but, “We have chosen to admire the problem.” Issues & Barriers to Success –Privacy –FAA Regulations & Access – Airspace, Airworthiness, Quals –Program Management Engineering, Logistics, T&E, Operations, Contracting… Cost, Schedule, Performance, Risk, Requirement Traceability, Commonality –Administrative hurdles to cooperation & asset pooling MOUs & IAAs Buying data or capability (assets, personnel, infrastructure)? Understanding utilization rates –S&T… R&D… “Three months of install and ground test for 1 Flt-Hr –Flt Hours vs On-station Hours vs Sensor Hours vs Data Hours vs Used DH

13. Success! High Utilization Rate –FAA Airspace Access Dangerous, Dirty, Dull, Denied Efficient, Effective, Economical and Environmentally Friendly –Common and Pooled Assets & Operators Logistic, Configuration Management, Training Data Standardization, Quality, Storage and Cataloging Overarching Inter-Agency Agreement (IAA) & Scheduling Cheaper & Greener –Autonomous Completely Multiple platforms controlled by single operator –Uses 10% of the fuel or “new fuels” or “no fuel”

14. Small UAS Operations FY13 ProjectMission DatesLocationCOA RequiredPlatform(s)Mission Coyote LaunchMay - AugustCalifornia / Avon ParkNoCoyote / GALEClear Air and Storm Drop VX-30 PUMA Emergency Response Exercise June 18th or June 19thPlead Control RangeNoPUMA (Army System)Emergency Response Olympic Coast NMS PUMA: Travel June 16, PUMA OPS 17-30, Quad: Travel 23, OPS 24-30 Washington / OregonYes PUMA / Quadrocopter/Resolution Florida Keys NMSAugust 19 - September 1stFlorida Keys Yes (for habitat mapping mission) / No (for enforcement mission) PUMA FKNMS Habitat Mapping and Enforcement Mission Channel Island NMSSeptember 13-23CaliforniaYesPUMA CINMS Blue Whale and Enforcement Mission. HEALY Ice Breaker OPS 7 - 8 Sep: Embark on HEALY in Barrow (two days to allow for poor wx) 9 - 13 Sep: D-17/RDC/NOAA UAS/UAV oil spill exercise 22 Sep: HEALY inports in Seward, AK. PUMA Team disembarks and ships PUMA gear back to AOCArcticYesPUMA Ice Research, Cooperative Ops Marine DebrisSeptember 15-30 (1 week)Kodiak Island, AKYesPUMAMarine Debris Detection River Forecasting CenterSeptemberLake Borgne, LAYesPUMARiver Forecasting Center

15. Small UAS Operations FY14 MonthPlatformMissionLocationAOC Support Estimated Mission Duration Oct-13PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementFlorida Keys NMS2 operators10 days Nov-13PUMA AE DDLRiver Forecasting CenterBogue Chitto NWR / Pearl River WMA1 PIC2 weeks Dec-13APH-22 HexacopterMarine Mammal SurveysAntarcticaNoneall month Jan-14MD4-1000 QuadrocopterGrey Whale / Marine Mammal Surveys\Central California1 PIC10 days Jan-14APH-22 HexacopterMarine Mammal SurveysAntarcticaNone Jan-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementChannel Islands NMSVaries (none, 1 or 2 pilots)10 days Feb-14APH-22 HexacopterMarine Mammal SurveysAntarcticaNoneall month Feb-14PUMA AE DDL Living Marine Resource, Seabird and Marine Debris DetectionOlympic Coast NMS2 operators10 days Feb-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementChannel Islands NMSVaries (none, 1 or 2 pilots)10 days Feb-14PUMA AE DDLRiver Forecasting CenterBogue Chitto NWR / Pearl River WMA1 PIC2 weeks Mar-14APH-22 HexacopterMarine Mammal SurveysAntarcticaNoneMarch 1 - 15 Mar-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementChannel Islands NMSVaries (none, 1 or 2 pilots)10 days Apr-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementFlorida Keys NMS2 operators10 days Apr-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementChannel Islands NMSVaries (none, 1 or 2 pilots)10 days May-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementFlorida Keys NMS2 operators10 days May-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementChannel Islands NMSVaries (none, 1 or 2 pilots)10 days May-14PUMA AE DDLRiver Forecasting CenterBogue Chitto NWR / Pearl River WMA1 PIC2 weeks Jun-14APH-22 HexacopterMarine Mammal SurveysAleutian Island ChainNoneall month Jun-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementStellwagen Bank NMS2 operators10 days Jun-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementFlorida Keys NMS2 operators10 days Jun-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementChannel Islands NMSVaries (none, 1 or 2 pilots)10 days Jun-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementGray's Reef NMS2 operators10 days Jul-14APH-22 HexacopterMarine Mammal SurveysAleutian Island ChainNoneJuly 1-8 Jul-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / Enforcement Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument2 operators10 days Jul-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementFlorida Keys NMS2 operators10 days Jul-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementChannel Islands NMSVaries (none, 1 or 2 pilots)10 days Jul-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementGray's Reef NMS2 operators10 days Aug-14Scan EagleMarine Mammal SurveysArctic (Barrow, AK)Nonemonth long Aug-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementFlorida Keys NMS2 operators10 days Aug-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementChannel Islands NMSVaries (none, 1 or 2 pilots)10 days Aug-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementGray's Reef NMS2 operators10 days Aug-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / Enforcement Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument2 operators10 days Aug-14PUMA AE DDLRiver Forecasting CenterBogue Chitto NWR / Pearl River WMA1 PIC2 weeks Sep-14Scan EagleMarine Mammal SurveysArctic (Barrow, AK)Nonemonth long Sep-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / Enforcement West Coast Region (Monterey, Cordell Bank, Farallones)2 operators10 days Sep-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementChannel Islands NMSVaries (none, 1 or 2 pilots)10 days Sep-14PUMA AE DDLLiving Marine Resource / EnforcementGray's Reef NMS2 operators10 days

16. Contact Information UAS Web Site: http://uas.noaa.gov/ Questions should be directed to: noaa.uas@noaa.gov noaa.uas@noaa.gov Robbie Hood - NOAA UAS Program Director robbie.hood@noaa.gov robbie.hood@noaa.gov John “JC” Coffey- NOAA UAS Program Office john.j.coffey@noaa.gov 16

17. DoD Recognized Challenges for UxS Interoperability: Across the domains of air, ground, and maritime. Autonomy: Mindful of manpower, affordability, operational utilities, technological developments, policy, public opinion. Airspace Integration: Within the National Airspace System (NAS) & International Airspace. Operating areas for all systems Communications: Address frequency and bandwidth availability, link security, link ranges, and network infrastructure moving toward onboard pre-processing. Training: Joint training requirements to improved training effectiveness and efficiency. Propulsion and Power: More efficient and logistically supportable sources for propulsion and power. Manned-Unmanned (MUM) Teaming: Improve the teaming of unmanned systems with the manned force. April 2012 17

18. FAA in the Arctic Congress established 3 regions Arctic –“permanent areas in the Arctic where small unmanned aircraft may operate 24 hours per day for research and commercial purposes.” 2012 FAA Modernization Act –the Bering Strait –portions of the Bering Sea –and the Arctic Ocean FAA “Arctic” defined as the U.S. zone of the Chukchi Sea, the Beaufort Sea and the Bering Sea north of the Aleutian island chain. Test grounds for commercial UAS use to boost research and development Certifications granted to the Insitu ScanEagle and AeroVironment Puma AE for Arctic Operations (limited)

19. Additional Animal Monitoring