1. Adenovirus and Cryptosporidium co- infection in a Corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata) Debabrata Mahapatra Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

2. Case History (N08-13) A 13 month old male corn snake was part of the breeding stock of ~2500 mixed Colubrid species. A 13 month old male corn snake was part of the breeding stock of ~2500 mixed Colubrid species. Off-feed about 2 weeks and sharply declining. Off-feed about 2 weeks and sharply declining. Recently moved into a different facility. Recently moved into a different facility. Gross findings: No gross lesions. Gross findings: No gross lesions. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

3. Section of stomach showing mucosal hypertrophy and hyperplasia, mononuclear infiltration in lamina propria and numerous cryptosporidia. (400x) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

4. EM of sporulating oocysts located in parasitophorous vacuoles (PV) with sporozoites (Sp) and residual body (R) PV Sp R Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

5. EM of two schizonts (S) with mature sickle-shaped merozoites (M). An oocyst (O) on the left with feeder organelle (FO) that is separated from the host by a dense band (DB) S S M M O FO DB Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

6. Section of intestine showing villous blunting, expansion of lamina propria with mononuclear cell infiltration. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

7. Section of intestine showing prominent large basophilic enterocyte intranuclear inclusion bodies. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

8. EM of a intranuclear inclusion body (I) with numerous electron dense viral particles (V) within a nucleus (N). V I N Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

9. Morphological diagnosis Proliferative gastritis, lymphoplasmacytic, diffuse, moderate, with intralesional protozoal parasites consistent with Cryptosporidium sp., stomach. Proliferative gastritis, lymphoplasmacytic, diffuse, moderate, with intralesional protozoal parasites consistent with Cryptosporidium sp., stomach. Enteritis, lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal, mild to moderate, with enterocyte intranuclear inclusions consistent with adenovirus, small intestine. Enteritis, lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal, mild to moderate, with enterocyte intranuclear inclusions consistent with adenovirus, small intestine. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

10. Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium has been reported in over 57 different species of reptiles including:Cryptosporidium has been reported in over 57 different species of reptiles including: 40 species of snakes40 species of snakes 15 species of lizards15 species of lizards 2 species of tortoises2 species of tortoises Of all reptiles, snakes are most severely affected. Lesions are mostly restricted to stomach and intestine with proliferative gastritis and enteritis. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

11. Cryptosporidiosis Lizards have a wider range of tissue tropism. Identified in: Lizards have a wider range of tissue tropism. Identified in: In kidneys of Parson’s chameleon.In kidneys of Parson’s chameleon. In kidneys, salivary glands, aural and pharyngeal polyps in green iguana.In kidneys, salivary glands, aural and pharyngeal polyps in green iguana. Most common species affecting snakes is Cryptosporidium serpentis. Most common species affecting snakes is Cryptosporidium serpentis. Recently, C. saurophilum has been described in lizards. Recently, C. saurophilum has been described in lizards. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

12. Adenovirus Adenoviruses are reported in: Adenoviruses are reported in: 12 different species of reptiles of the orders Crocodilia and Squamata including 12 different species of reptiles of the orders Crocodilia and Squamata including Serpentes (snakes) and Sauria (lizards) suborders. Serpentes (snakes) and Sauria (lizards) suborders. Most of the cases are reported from zoological collection and commercial breeders. Most of the cases are reported from zoological collection and commercial breeders. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

13. Adenovirus Incriminated as the cause of gastroenteritis, hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonia, and encephalitis. Incriminated as the cause of gastroenteritis, hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonia, and encephalitis. Gastrointestinal lesions have been described in snakes in the families Boidae, Colubridae and Viperidae. Gastrointestinal lesions have been described in snakes in the families Boidae, Colubridae and Viperidae. Cytopathologic changes include: Cytopathologic changes include: Large eosinophilic to basophilic intranuclear inclusionsLarge eosinophilic to basophilic intranuclear inclusions Nuclear swellingNuclear swelling Ballooning degenerationBallooning degeneration Necrosis of organsNecrosis of organs Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

14. Conclusion Primary infection with adenovirus might have immunocompromised the snake and predisposed it to secondary infection with cryptosporidia. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

15. Acknowledgement Dr. David Taylor Dr. David Taylor Dr. Lisa Farina Dr. Lisa Farina Dr. Mary Reinhard Dr. Mary Reinhard Dr. Elliot Jacobson’s lab Dr. Elliot Jacobson’s lab Lou Ann Miller Lou Ann Miller UF CVM Histopathology lab members UF CVM Histopathology lab members Residents Residents Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

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