1. VICTORIAN AGE The name derives from queen Victoria ( 1837-1901) The first part from 1837 to 1860 was characterised from the industrial revolution, the second part from 1860 from about 1900 was characterized from the expansion of the English colonialism Positive aspectsNegative aspects Progress Stability Great social reforms Colonial empire Important scientific discover poverty injustice and social unrest

2. MEAN FEATURES OF VICTORIAN LITERATURE  omniscient third person narrator  most of the times the protagonist speaks with the same voice of the author  narrator is always visible both in third person and in first person narrations  complicate and long story line  linear time  narrative structure  Educational purpose

3. THE MODERN AGE Modernism is an aesthetics movements that goes from 1890 to 1930. It may be considered a rejection against the Victorian Age because there is a radical transformation in the way in which people see the World, so there is a different concept of life. IMPORTANT WRITERS OF MODERN AGE: James Joyce T. S. Eliot Ezra Pound Virginia Woolf Ford Madox Ford Francis Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway Henry Roth Wyndham Lewis Laura Riding Hilda Doolittle Gertrude Stein

4. Modernis mean features 1. An emphasis on impressionism and subjectivity in writing; an emphasis on how seeing takes place, rather than on what is perceived. An example of this would be stream-of-consciousness writing. 2. A movement away from the apparent objectivity provided by omniscient third-person narrators, fixed narrative points of view, and clear-cut moral positions. Faulkner's multiply-narrated stories are an example of this aspect of modernism. 3. A blurring of distinctions between genres, so that poetry seems more documentary and prose seems more poetic. 4. An emphasis on fragmented forms, discontinuous narratives, and random- seeming collages of different materials. 5. A tendency toward reflexivity, or self-consciousness, about the production of the work of art, so that each piece calls attention to its own status as a production, as something constructed and consumed in particular ways. 6. A rejection of elaborate formal aesthetics in favor of minimalist designs and a rejection, in large part, of formal aesthetic theories, in favor of spontaneity and discovery in creation. 7. A rejection of the distinction between "high" and "low" or popular culture, both in choice of materials used to produce art and in methods of displaying, distributing, and consuming art.

5. Mrs Dalloway  She breaks with all Victorian standards of novel  no story divides into chapter  no story line  The sense of action is provided by the passage of time, heralded by clocks chiming and BigBen striking.  The protagonist moves the novel trought her thoughts  confined to a single day in London  no linearity of the story  The narrator uses interior monologue

6. Ulysses  Interior monologue  Minimum plot  Poetical language  Focus on the psychology  Narrator’s eclipse  Shift of the point of view