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Telescope Projects at Steward Observatory Work in Progress Astronomical Society of New York Union College Saturday, 24 October 2009 Peter Wehinger Steward.

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Presentation on theme: "Telescope Projects at Steward Observatory Work in Progress Astronomical Society of New York Union College Saturday, 24 October 2009 Peter Wehinger Steward."— Presentation transcript:

1 Telescope Projects at Steward Observatory Work in Progress Astronomical Society of New York Union College Saturday, 24 October 2009 Peter Wehinger Steward Observatory University of Arizona

2 Casting a 6.5-m Mirror for San Pedro Martir Steward Observatory Mirror Lab A World Class Site: San Pedro Martir Baja California, Mexico Peter Wehinger

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5 Hexagonal Columns of Al 2 SiO 5 Honeycomb Structure Light-weight Spun-cast Mirrors

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8 Casting in Progress – 26 Aug 2009 SPM 6.5-m Mirror The Principals UNAM INAOE UC Berkeley UC Santa Cruz U Arizona

9 San Pedro Martir A World Class Site Peter Wehinger Steward Observatory SOML Casting Event – 6.5-m Mirror 26 August 2009

10 SPM Tucson Ensenada San Diego ~ 600 km Baja California and the Sonoran Desert 380 km

11 SPM Obs Pico del Diablo Meling Ranch Airfield Road to San Pedro Martir 60 km 40 km

12 Climatic & Seeing Conditions Clear Sky Statistics Photometric ~ 63% (Tapia et al) Satellite Imaging~ 73% (Erasmus et al.) Spectroscopic ~ 81% (Tapia et al.) Seeing Statistics Median Seeing ~ 0.48 arc sec Mean Seeing ~ 0.57 arc sec (FWHM) 25 th Percentile ~ 0.37 arc sec

13 LBT Kitt Peak Lick Palomar MMT Lowell NIGHT SKY IN THE DESERT SPM Sky brightness B ~ 22.3 mag/sec 2 PHX LA TUC HER N San Pedro Martir

14 Ensenada Yuma San Felipe San Diego Tijuana SPM Sky Brightness at San Pedro Martir Darker than B ~ 22.3 mag/sec 2 300 km N

15 Night Sky Spectrum on San Pedro Martir Intensity (erg/s/cm 2 /A)  (A)

16 Remarks about SPM Night Sky Integrated Light of Night Airglow Green Line [OI] 5577 visible to ~10-15 deg above horizon Arcturus – steady, no scintillation (twinkling) Naked-eye limit at least ~ 7th magnitude 10-12 of brightest galaxies in Virgo Cluster - visible SPM has darkest night sky – Compared with other sites Arizona, Chile, Hawaii, Himalayas

17 Possible Air Field at Vallecitos ~ 5-6 km from telescopes 2425 m 2434 m 2 km

18 LBT LARGE BINOCULAR TELESCOPE Site: Mt Graham, Arizona Two 8.4-m f/1.1 Mirrors

19 Steward Observatory Mirror Lab Casting Bay 6.5-m 8.4-m

20 LBT Edge-to-Edge ~ 22.4 m, Equivalent Circular Aperture ~ 11.8 m 30 m

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22 NGC 6946 with 8.2-m Subaru

23 NGC 6946 with 8.4-m LBT

24 GMT GIANT MAGELLAN TELESCOPE Site: Las Campanas, Chile

25 GMT seven 8.4-m Mirrors 21.5-m Circular Aperture 25.5-m Edge to Edge Graphics by Todd Mason

26 GMT Partners as of Oct 2009 - Carnegie Institution of Washington University of Texas at Austin Texas A & M University University of Arizona Australian National University Astronomy Australia Ltd. Harvard University Smithsonian Institution Korea Astronomy & Space Institute + 1-2 others considering joining

27 Mirror Lab Founder, Roger Angel inspects 8.4-m mirror for GMT

28 GMT-1– polishing at ~ ± 0.5  Oct 2009 Final figure will be ±10-20 nm, 400x smoother

29 When GMT is completed in ~ 10-12 years What will be found…? Remember Hale & Wickliffe Rose Again there will be many surprises..!

30 Three Planets b, c, & d Imaged around Star HR 8799 Light from central star is suppressed Discovery Announced 14 Nov 2008 Gemini 8.2 m

31 Phil Hinz et al. Steward Observatory

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33 LSST LARGE SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE Site: Cerro Pachon, Chile

34 Founding Partners (2003) University of Arizona Research Corporation University of Washington NOAO + 18 other institutions (as of 2008)

35 Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

36 LSST Optical Layout 8.36 m 6.28m 4.96 m 3.4 m 64 cm Primary f/1.25 Secondary Tertiary f/0.8 Focal Plane Design: L. Seppala, LLNL Filters Field Flattener

37 Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Project Overview & Goals 10-sec exposures ~ 24 mag. 3.5 Gpix/image – 10 sq. deg 30-40 Terabytes per night Entire sky surveyed in 4 nights Search for Near-Earth Objects Survey the Kuiper Belt Probe dark matter Many Surprises Serendipitous Discoveries 64 cm

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39 LSST 8.4-m Primary Mirror 22 October 2008 Lifting off oven floor Weight ~ 52 tons Glass ~ 26 tons

40 LSST 8.4-m Primary Mirror 22 October 2008 During move from oven to holding ring Weight ~ 103,000 lbs Glass ~ 52,000 lbs

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42 Ground-Layer Adaptive Optics Recent Results on MMT

43 Planet found around the Nearby star  Pictoris ESO 8.1-m Telescope

44 The MMT multi-laser GLAO system Laser type2 x doubled YAG (15 W each) Wavelength532 nm Pulse rep rate5.2 kHz Average power30 W Launch locationBehind secondary mirror Number of beacons5, arranged like a pentagon Enclosed field of view2 arc minutes Beacon typeRayleigh scattering Range gate20-29 km, dynamic refocusing

45 MMT results: M3 Open loop, K s filter, seeing 0.70” Logarithmic scale 110”

46 MMT results: M3 Closed loop GLAO, K s filter, seeing 0.30” Logarithmic scale 110”

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49 NGC 2770 – First Light Binocular Image with LBT 11 Jan 2007 Supernova Gamma-Ray Burst

50 Magellan 1 6.5-m Telescope (Baade) Las Campanas Observatory VLT UT1 8-m Telescope & FORS 1: ESO Paul Groot, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Jerome Orosz, University of Utrecht 11 Optical Images of X-ray Nova XTE J1550-564

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