1. TARTRATE STABILIZATION via STARS/Electrodialysis

2. What is STARS/Electrodialysis
STARS/Electrodialysis clockwise from top left
STABILAB predictive & verification test (DIT/ISTC50
STARS/Electrodialysis 3,200 gal/hr
RO 70%+ waste water reduction
DIT = Degree of Tartaric Instability

3. STARS/ED - Annual Volumes Tartrate Stabilized
Machines currently in service:  
ED800 (ED = Electrodialysis / 800 = gallons per hour) 
Terravan, CA                                      ED400
Chandon, CA                                      ED1600
St Supery, CA                                     ED800
Winesecrets, CA                              ED800
Canadian Winesecrets, CAN        ED600
Oregon Winery                             ED800
Cht St Michelle, WA                        ED1600
Vincor Ontario, CAN                       ED800
Diamond Estate, Ontario, CAN   ED800
Oenodia, CA                                       ED800 (Rental unit)
Average yearly volume processed with above machines: ~ 5,000,000 gal
Average yearly volume for Mobile Service units (Winesecrets) : ~1,000,000 gal
Additional units for 2012: 3 wineries (2- ED800 & 1 ED2400) with annual volume of ~ 3,500,000 gallons
Total approximate annual volume tartrate stabilized: ~ 8MM to 10MM gallons
Annual Global Production: ~ 200 MM gallons or ~ 3% of global wine volume
~ 10% sparkling
~ 40% red
~ 35% white
~ 15% rose

4. STARS/Electrodialysis Economics
If you own a STARS unit:
Operations cost $ per gallon includes membrane replacement
Process from 800 up to 3,200 gallons per hour
Investment $ 200,000 to $ 800,000
Cold stabilization by refrigeration costs $ per gallon.
2 to 3 year Return On Investment, at today’s energy rates. Utility rebates are improving this further

5. STARS/Electrodialysis - How does it work?
Continuous operation, controlled by reduction of conductivity from tartrate removal. No additives are used to inhibit precipitation or stabilize the wine.
System consists of 4 steps/processes:
Determine reduction of conductivity to achieve stability via STABILAB
Pass wine between the membranes to reduce conductivity by removing tartrates via STARS.
Monitor conductivity to ensure stability via onboard conductivity meter
Verify wine stability via STABILAB (ISTC50 test)

6. STARS/Electrodialysis – DIT -> STARS -> ISTC50 A comprehensive approach to Tartrate Stabilization
2-Probe STABILAB with Heating bath for DIT test to predict tartrate instability, STARS processing rate and confirmation test - ISTC50, post STARS treatment
(DIT- Degree of Tartaric Instability)
(ISTC50- Critical Tartaric Stability Index)
STARS/Electrodialysis ED3200
3,200 gallon per hour system
Semi-automated operation
Can run 24 hours per day with 2 CIP’s each taking about 1.5 hrs. (~20hrs/day)

7. STABILAB: Predict Tartrate Stability
Based on conductivity variation over 4 hrs.
Wine samples are tested at -4°C / 24.8°F and seeded with KHT
Calculates drop in conductivity required for an “infinite time” or “absolute wine stability”
Provides drop in conductivity rate (DIT) for STARS treatment (processing rate in %, e.g., 18%, 22%)
Verifies STARS treated via ISTC50 test (6 -4°C or 24.8°F)
All results are stored in software, can be printed and converted to PDF files
Patented tests (INRA / EURODIA)
Used in major labs throughout Europe and North America
Sarco Laboratories, ETS, Napa Valley Think Tank,

8. STABILAB DIT Test Result for Tartrate Stability

9. STABILAB DIT Test Result for Tartrate Stability

10. STARS/Electrodialysis in Operation

11. STARS/Electrodialysis in Operation
Automated operation, regulated by conductivity or pH
Onboard / Inline conductivity meter
Hand-held conductivity meter for verification (included)
12hr run cycle after which a CIP is required
Single pass, tank to tank processing
Pre-filtration at <5 μm required, preferably via XF
Wine should be at cellar temperature
No wine loss (0.5% to 1.5% of total wine volume)
No oxygen pick up
Time saving: up to 64,000 gal/day or more
Power consumption: KWh/gal vs. 0.8 to 1.0 KWh/gal for cold stabilization
Water consumption: 3% to 5% of total wine volume – not included is the water used for cooling tower

12. STARS/Electrodialysis Membranes
Oenodia’s Membrane Stack – 400g/h/stack

13. TARTRATE STABILIZATION via STARS / ELECTRODIALYSIS Two-Chamber Membranes
SPACER
Water/Conductant
WINE-out
CATHODE
CATIONIC
MEMBRANE
ANIONIC
K+ CA++
ANODE
Conductant/Effluent
WINE-in
Chamber 1 - WINE
Chamber 2 - Conductant
AT -

14. TARTRATE STABILIZATION via STARS / ELECTRODIALYSIS (Two Compartments Principle)
Stabilized Wine or Grape juice
Conductant/Brine
K : cationic membrane
A : anionic membrane
E : electrolyte K A E K+
Ca++
Anode
Cathode
HT-
T-- + -
Water
Wine or Grape juice

15. STABILAB ISTC50 Test Result for Tartrate Stability

16. Right Technology, Right Time
STARS helps resolve current issues:
Guaranty stability for 6 days at -4°C / 24.8°F for base, red, white and rose wines regardless of level of instability or colodial structure by removing K+, Ca++ and TH-
Dial in stability and pH shift (TA shift)
Stabilize red wines due to reduced barrel count and shortened release dates
Manage pH and TA issues (deacidulation)
Calcium stability
Increase production without increasing infrastructure
Save time, money, wine, electricity and water and eliminate use of KHT
Environmental sustainability “California - Flex Your Power” award
Wine-just-in-time… (Centrifuge-XF-STARS-Bottling)

17. STARS/Electrodialysis …… re-cap
Sustainability & Cost Savings:
Lowest energy use: to 0.01 KWh/gal vs. 0.8 to 1 KWh/gal for Cold Stabilization
No wine loss – saves at least to 0.5% of total wine volume
Saves between $0.15 to $0.35/case
Low water consumption - 3% to 5% of total wine volume processed
Save Tartaric Acid / Eliminate use of Cream of Tartar
Comprehensive:
Predict, Stabilize, Confirm – create a standard for tartrate stability (STABILAB-DIT -> STARS -> ISTC50 -> Bottling)
Guaranteed:
STARS stabilized wines hold stability for 6 days at 24.8°F
(DIT at – 24.8°F) / Achieves Calcium stability
Reliable:
In-line conductivity probe & continuous verification of target Conductivity based on DIT test result.
Flexibility:
400 to 3200 gal/hr. - larger units available
No tank holding time
Immediately bottle ready

18. Environmental Sustainability: Energy required by Wine Production
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Average energy intensity
400 GWh/year [PG&E]
kWh/Gallon
$ $0.33/Gallon
1 – 3 % of revenue stream
Major energy expenses
Fermentation
Clarification-Stabilization
Other (Lighting, Office equipment, others)

19. STARS/Electrodialysis Energy Savings Southern California Edison measured energy readings

20. Global STARS/Electrodialysis Units In Use Total units: 149
France: 45 units
Italy: 45 units
Germany: 4 units
Austria: 2 units
Switzerland: 1 unit
Hungary: 1 unit
Greece: 2 unit
Spain: 7 units
Portugal: 3 units
Morocco: 2 units
Bulgaria: 1 unit
Russia: 3 units
Ukraine: 1 unit
USA: 11 units
Canada: 2 units
Chile Argentina: 5 units
Brazil: 1 unit
Australia: 3 units
New Zealand: 2 units
South Africa: 7 units
China: 1 unit